Tuesday, April 15, 2014

The last unreformed parliament



This is a map of the results from the last election to the UK House of Commons before the passing of the Great Reform Act; which started to move towards making Britain a true democracy. This might make no sense to people outside the UK, so I'm going to explain the UK electoral system at the time. There was (and technically still are, it only effects election expenses) two type of seats: "County" seats that predominantly represented the rural, wealthy land-owning elites and "Borough" seats, which represented towns. There wasn't a real approach in creating boroughs: they were randomly created by the King to provide a reward to towns. Many of these were enfranchised in the 14th-16th Century; and the towns that they represented died soon after but they still got two MPs in Parliament. The only reason for disenfranchisement was corruption. This led to a situation where you had seats in so-called "Rotten Boroughs" bought and sold: fathers would control a seat and pass it on to their sons; with no real chance in being defeated. The biggest example of this is Old Sarum which held a right to elect two MPs to parliament despite the fact that the town died out due to the construction of Salisbury around about the time that in was enfranchised. By this election in 1831; it had an electorate of 7; all landowners who resided somewhere else. Bear in mind that big cities like Birmingham didn't have a right to elect any MPs. The unreformed parliament is really interesting; especially since it was a den of corruption for hundreds of years (most of the little dots in Cornwall were created by Henry VIII to guarantee a parliamentary majority; and were usually hamlets by that time and were universally disenfranchised by the reform act - in 1831: Cornwall only elected 2 MPs less than the whole of Scotland! In England; the Tories seem to have 3 county seats: the rest are in rotten boroughs that had been bought over time; and were eliminated by the next election,

Its also interesting to see the amount of Tories in Scotland and Wales: that's because the County Franchise in England was 40 shillings of property: while in Scotland it was 40 shillings adjusted to inflation; meaning that many Whig voters not part of the landed elite couldn't vote. There's also a weird thing in Scotland were there were sets of twinned counties that only elected seats to alternate parliaments; which created a silly situation where bits of Scotland simply didn't have MPs for a whole parliament!

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