No Longer Human - Dazai Osamu

Hakkakukan in Togane

 https://hitoritabikenkyu.com/hakkakukan/

Shostakovich "Symphony No 5" André Previn 1966

September 10, 1624. Jasper Vinall passed away 13 days after a dreadful injury during a cricket match

NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project Edited Oral History Transcript

https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/HartsfieldHW/HartsfieldHW_6-12-01.htm




Butler: Today is June 12th, 2001. This oral history with Henry Hartsfield is being conducted for the Johnson Space Center Oral History Project. Carol Butler is the interviewer and is assisted by Summer Bergen and Kirk Freeman.

Thank you very much for joining us today.

Hartsfield: Happy to be here.

Butler: To begin with, maybe you could tell us a little bit about how you got interested in physics, aviation, and how that led to your career first in the Air Force and then NASA?

Hartsfield: When I went to Auburn University [Auburn, Alabama], I majored in chemical engineering. Another reason I did that is I had a cousin who went to Georgia Tech [Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia] who was a chemical engineer, and I couldn't think of what I wanted to do. Then I found out I was a natural disaster in a chemistry lab. I was always blowing up things and catching things afire, so I decided I'd better change fields. I switched to physics, and I thoroughly enjoyed physics. That's a crazy story, but that's how I really got there.

Butler: It's not crazy if that's the way it happened. While you were in school, were you participating in any type of ROTC [Reserve Officer Training Corps] programs or did you go in the military?

Hartsfield: Yes, I was in Army ROTC, Corps of Engineers. When I was in my senior year, the Air Force was looking for pilots and agreed to give a commission to graduates of other branches of ROTC if they wanted to fly. So I took a series of tests at Maxwell Air Force Base and another base in Georgia and passed it all. They offered me the commission and I accepted it. So I graduated from Auburn, I went into the Air Force instead of the Army. I had previously applied for graduate school, was accepted at Duke University [Durham, North Carolina] in physics.

I was going into theoretical physics when I started there, but then the Air Force sent me a letter not too long after I got there, says, "It's time to report to active duty." I said, "Whoa, wait a minute." Too soon. So I switched over to experimental physics, experimental nuclear physics. They had an accelerator, a van de Graaff accelerator. I started doing a project to get my master's, and the Air Force delayed me until June of the following year, but not any more past that. The head of the physics department wrote a real strong letter asking for three more months, but the Air Force wouldn't give it to me, so I went on active duty and begun to fly, and discovered I really loved flying. So I stayed in the Air Force.

Butler: Had you had dreams of being a pilot when you were younger?

Hartsfield: When I was a kid, that's all I thought about, was flying. The guy my dad worked for smoked Wings cigarettes. That's an old brand that had a little picture of an airplane on every pack. He used to bring them home to me, the pictures of airplanes. I collected those cards. They're probably worth something today, but I don't know, I think I threw them away.

Butler: I think we've all done that. Those childhood mementos.

Hartsfield: Well, I mean I had a fortune in Big Little books, if you know what those are. I had two big cardboard boxes full of them. My mother gave those away.

Butler: Oh, all the things that might have been. When you did enter into active duty then, if you could tell us a little bit about some of your early experiences with the Air Force and with flying, leading up to when you went to the Aerospace Research Pilot School.

Hartsfield: I entered the Air Force in 1955, after leaving Duke, and went to primary at Bainbridge, Georgia, and basic training at Webb Air Force Base out in Texas here, Big Spring. Then I went to gunnery training at Williams Air Force Base [Mesa, Arizona] and flew F-86Fs there.

My first duty station was at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base in North Carolina, Goldsboro. There I flew F-86Hs, which was, I think, one of the finest airplanes I've flown. It was more of a pilot's airplane. It didn't have any unusual characteristics and was a good performing airplane. It was a bigger F-86 than the normal variety, had a bigger engine in it, a little heavier, but it was a heck of a performing airplane.

We transitioned out of that airplane to the F-100C, which was one of the early F-100s. The "A" model was the first one. They didn't build "B." They had the "C." The "C" didn't have wing flaps, so it had a very high landing speed. We used to call it the world's fastest tricycle because of the high landing speed. Flew that for about a year or so.

Then we transitioned to F-105s, the "B" model, which was one of the early 105 models that didn't have any rigged flaps, for example. The 105 had leading edge and training edge flaps, and it had a separate lever for each. The later version's got them all on one handle so that when you pick the different positions, they gave the right configuration for the speed range you were going to be flying in.

From there, I was a fighter pilot, so I flew all those years around different bases, mainly at Seymour Johnson, but we did some extended TDYs [temporary duty] down to Eglin [AFB, Florida], put on a lot of firepower demonstrations for the Army, dropping live ordnance, which was fun.

They'd been there about four years. This was in late [19]'59, early '60, I decided that I wanted to get some education that would lead me into the space program. I was kind of getting interested in it. Big rockets were flying then. I'd elected to get a master's in astronautics, as the Air Force called it, and I was selected to attend the Air Force Institute of Technology, which was at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base [Dayton, Ohio]. So I went up there in 1960.

In the spring of '61, as a matter of fact, I was getting a haircut, and on the radio they had the flight of Alan [B.] Shepard [Jr.]. I said, "That's what I want to do." So I started researching what it took to get into the space program. All the people that had been selected at that point had been test pilots. So I said, "Well, I've got to go to test pilot school." Then I find out I didn't have enough flying time. So I applied for an overseas assignment.

Actually, I quit the school for two reasons. One, my family was very unhappy there. I was unhappy because the class that was graduating that summer got their assignments and not a one of them had a flying assignment. They were all going to silos to baby-sit missiles, and that wasn't what I wanted to do. So I quit. I was fortunate in that SIE, self-initiated elimination, was a bad, bad thing in the military, but I had done my homework. I had researched and found that the flying skill I had, specialty code for [F-]105, was a critical skill. They were staffing overseas. In fact, they were building up two bases over there with 105s, Bittburg [AFB] and Spangdahlem [AFB] in Germany.

Secondly, I'd never been overseas, so I was ripe for an overseas assignment. That kind of airplane, 105, later modified to 105D, was the kind of experience I needed to go to test pilot school. Having done all the homework and finding an ally, the military assistant to the dean in the outfit was on my side. He felt that if you volunteered for a program and it really isn't leading you where you want to go, you ought to be able to resign without prejudice, and he supported me with—a [Tape interruption]

Butler: Okay.

Hartsfield: So the military assistant to the dean supported me, and I was allowed to resign without prejudice. It was about a month later I got the assignment to fly 105s in Germany. All the people in my class said, "Oh, you pulled strings. Who do you know?"

I said, "I didn't pull any strings. I just researched." I had not been to an overseas assignment. I had a critical AFSC, a critical skill, and the odds were I was going to get what I wanted, and it worked out.

So I spent three years in Germany. It was a good assignment. I enjoyed that, flying fighters. We always did our gunnery training down at Tripoli [Libya], because the weather was great down in North Africa. So I got to visit that base, the big base that now belongs to [Moammar] Gadhafi [Libyan Head of State]. The Libyan Air Force wasn't very big in those days. I remember one day we laughed about they had two-thirds of the Air Force airborne at one time. They only had three airplanes, and two of them could fly. [Laughter]

Butler: [Laughter] Well, I guess everybody's got to start somewhere.

Hartsfield: But it was a good assignment, and it helped me build my skills. When I got past the magic mark of 1,500 hours in high-performance planes, I applied for the test pilot school and was selected right off the bat. It was first try, so I was fortunate.

I made my way to Edwards [Air Force Base, California], and that was a good experience as well, the test pilot school. I enjoyed that. Had a good class. We had a lot of fun together. We had a lot of competition in the class, friendly competition. We had four of us that were within a few points of each other, total score, when we got to the end of the thing to graduate. They had a trophy they gave to the top graduate, you know, and it ended up I was fourth. But the four of us were within one point.

The guy that got the trophy, I'll tell you about him. He was a really sharp guy, but out of my class at the test pilot school, four of us got in the space program, but the top graduate wasn't one of them. It was kind of interesting. The others were Al [Alfred M.] Worden, Charlie [Charles M.] Duke [Jr.] and Stu [Stuart A.] Roosa. You may have talked to some of those. Well, not Stu. Stu died here a couple of years ago. Stu was my next-door neighbor at Edwards. We had a lot of fun together. His widow and us are still very close. We've known them for years.

The three services handled the applications for the space program differently. It was kind of strange that NASA had requirements and the military had requirements at the same time, and the military was asking for flight crews for their Manned Orbiting Laboratory [MOL], and NASA wanted flight crews. The way the Air Force did it, you could apply for either program or both. If you applied for both, the Air Force would decide which program they would nominate you for. They wouldn't send you to both programs, your application. The other services did it the other way.

I remember Charlie and Stu said, "Hank, better apply to NASA only. If you apply to both, they're going to send you to the Air Force," and they did.

I applied for both and was sent to the MOL Program. But we had a lot of fun with that program. It was a challenging program, but it was a little bit depressing to see the funding issues that we had. It was almost a constant story. Every year we had a big funding profile where we had to get 600 million dollars in one year, which wasn't a lot of money, but that was big then. The program planned on that, and then would come the budget was actually passed, "You're only going to get 400, but plan on 600 next year." So the program had to go through all this rephasing everything. It takes a while. We'd spend about ninety days just rephasing the program, turning subcontractors off for a while, and that's expensive. Finally you get the program on track and the next year went through the same cycle again. Well, we thought we were going to be, but, "No, you still aren't going to get the 600." Four hundred again plan.

Of course, as the program stretches, the cost goes up because you've got a marching army. So the cost of the program had almost doubled in three years. In fact, we always had a projected launch date. It was kind of funny, Bo [Karol J.] Bobko was in that program with us, and he had made a graph of where the launch date versus the real time, you know, to see where it projected we would launch. He said, "Gee whiz, we launched in 1929. I didn't know that." [Laughter] We were losing ground from the launch date.

I think at the time the program was canceled in June [19]'69, on Black Tuesday, we had a projected launch date, as I recall, of April '72, so it was slipping away from us. But we were at the point where we flight crews were getting ready to move to Vandenberg [AFB, California]. We'd already been up looking at base housing. The crew quarters were built, the training building was built, it wasn't completely outfitted. The pad was 90 percent complete that it was going to be launched from. We were going to be launched on a Titan 3M, which was a modified Titan 3 with seven segments, solids [solid rocket boosters], instead of five.

It was an interesting program, and the Air Force kept it highly classified, and they still haven't unclassified what it was all about, but a lot of people speculated. But it kind of broke our hearts when it got canceled. I won't forget the day. I was on my way to Huntington Beach [California].

The Air Force had a strange contractor arrangement. They had co-contractors, which was kind of unusual, like having two prime contractors. One was Douglas [Aircraft Company, Inc.] and one was General Electric, General Electric out of Pennsylvania. I spent a lot of time in Valley Forge [Pennsylvania] area up there, and Douglas down in Huntington Beach.

I was on the way to a meeting at Huntington Beach at 7:30 in the morning, listening to the news as I always was. They used to call me "Ned News," because that's all I did. L.A. [Los Angeles, California] had two news stations, 24-hour news stations, and I'd flip back and forth between them. They came on this newscast and said, "This morning, Deputy Secretary of Defense [David] Packard announced the cancellation of the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program." What? Well, I didn't like that news channel, so I switched to the other one, and I got the same report. So I thought, "Holy cow, what do I do? I'm on my way, I'm halfway there, I might as well go on."

When I got to Douglas and walked in, it was like walking into a morgue. I mean, it was just sudden they canceled the program. The general that ran the thing at L.A. was a little bit miffed. "A little bit" is putting it mildly, because he argued with the people that made the decision during the night, said they were going to announce it at 10:30 in the morning Eastern time, which was 7:30 in L.A. He says, "Let me tell my people first."

They said, "Well, Secretary Packard's got a busy day, and that's the only time he can do it." So they went ahead. So no one on the West Coast knew it. It caught them completely by surprise. They heard it on the radio like I did, or they came to work and found out they didn't have a job. It was massive layoffs. I mean, people were getting pink slips almost immediately, you know, on the contractor force. So it was a very unhappy day.

Well, then they said, "Well, what do you want to do?"

I said, "I don't know. Go to Vietnam." I mean, we're all fighter pilots.

They said, "Well, you can go, but you can't fly because you've got a two-year duty and travel restriction." Because of the classified things we'd been exposed to, we couldn't be put in an environment where we could get captured. They said, "You can go to Saigon, work in a command post."

I said, "Baloney. I'm a pilot. I'm not going to sit in a darn command post and ride a chair," you know. None of us wanted to do that. So everyone took different assignments. There were three of us decided we wanted to go to school, might as well get a master's in the interim. Then I'd be eligible, two years would be up, and I could go do what I'd been trained to do all those years.

So somewhere in there, I think it was early July, Dr. George [E.] Mueller, he was the person that swung it all, recommended to the folks up there, "Hey, you know the Air Force has got fourteen people there that have already been through all the wickets. They're partially trained. Why don't we take them down to NASA." Well, I found out later, a lot of the NASA folks didn't want us, you know.

But in any event, all fourteen of us came down to Houston, and we toured the facilities and talked with the people about the prospects. I think Tom [Thomas P.] Stafford was running the astronaut office then, because Al Shepard was getting ready to fly Apollo 14. So he toured us around and told us, "Well, you know, if you do get here," he told us the situation, Apollo 20 had already been canceled, but we had 18 and 19, and probably going to fly the second Skylab vehicle and maybe a third one. So there were opportunities to fly pretty soon.

But nothing came of it. So I moved out of my house, went out to operations at LAX [Los Angeles International airport] to pick up my flying gear, and I'd just picked it up and I was walking back to the car. I had the family in the car, we were all packed, the moving van already picked up all our household goods. I was going back to the University of Tennessee Space Institute in Tullahoma, Tennessee, to get my master's. A guy came running out of ops [operations] and yelled at me. He says, "Captain Hartsfield, you got an important phone call. Come back."

So I went back and talked to him. It was Bob [Robert F.] Overmeyer. He said they'd just gotten word from NASA that they wanted seven of us to come to Houston, and three of us, as I say, had school assignments, Don [Donald H.] Peterson, Bo Bobko, and myself. So I went back in there and called Tom and asked him, "What do you want us to do? Cancel and come on to Houston?"

He said, "No, it's going to be a while before you fly. Go ahead and get the master's degree, and then you'll be in better shape to work for us." Of course, some of us wanted to really go down there, and he insisted my idea wasn't a good idea to make your potential boss mad, so we said, "Yes, then we'll go to school." So that's what we did. Went back to the office one day, we stayed in the motel, and then headed out to Tennessee, and stayed in touch, in fact, even made some visits to Houston and to the Cape [Canaveral, Florida] to start getting indoctrinated when I had breaks in school.

Butler: Before we go any further, if I could ask you a couple follow-up questions on the MOL Program. I know some of it is probably that you can't go into much detail on. As you said, some of it is still classified to some degree. But if you could, describe a little bit about what the program consisted of with the Gemini capsule, the laboratory, and some of your training. I don't know if you can go into any of that.

Hartsfield: Well, the idea of the lab, as I recall, was about forty feet long, to fly on top of a Gemini and on the top of a Titan booster. On top of the lab or at the end of the lab was the Gemini vehicle. They had designed it with a transfer tunnel between the Gemini and the lab internal, pressurized tunnel, and this tunnel was accessed through a hatch. In Gemini, you sat at a slight angle, and right between the two crew members was this hatch that went through the heat shield. So you would reach, undo that, and pull it into the Gemini where then you could crawl down the tunnel into the lab.

Now, the concept was that once in orbit, it was a thirty-day mission, you crossed through the tunnel, and you stay there thirty days doing the experiments, and at the end of the thirty days, you brought the data capsule back with you, the data, and stowed it in Gemini. There wasn't much room, but they had it planned so you could get most of the data back. And you closed that hatch and came home.

Well, they had a concern. Okay, now you cut a hole in the heat shield. Is that going to work? So they actually built one that way and tested it on a flight out of the Cape. They launched the Gemini, unmanned, of course, on a Titan, and then the Titan had a trans stage, which was like a little third stage. They drove that Gemini. It went up, and then drove that Gemini at the proper entry speed back into the atmosphere, then the trans stage went on out to change the attitude and burn back into orbit, and it came through with flying colors. The cut to the heat shield didn't hurt anything. There was no heating problem or any burn-through or anything like that, so it proved the concept.

The program, the support for the lab, had quite an extensive software development program, which was going fairly well. We had solved some major problems with that. Avionics. I was following the communications system. Each crew member had some area they followed. Communications was coming along well.

We were really disappointed when the thing was canceled, because at the time it was canceled, we could touch flight hardware. They had flight hardware being built and tested. In fact, one of the modules which Douglas built had already been shipped to GE where they were going to install the guts of the lab. So that was coming along real well.

As I say, the pad was 90 percent complete. A lot of the construction at Vandenburg had been completed. The buildings were being outfitted, and we were becoming convinced that the program was real, it was finally getting off the ground. We would be able to do something, even though it was still a couple of years away.

The training was on the operations, and I can't say too much about that. We'd started that. A lot of our early training was in a development sense. We were participating in the development schemes for running the experiments. So that was the early part of training. We also got some of the routine survival training. We'd had water survival. We'd gone down to Panama for jungle survival. We were getting that kind of training to get ready to go, because we were going to fly out of Vandenberg into high-inclination orbit, which meant you covered a pretty good piece of the world. If you had to abort, you could almost go anywhere, jungle or polar regions.

But it was a fun program, as I say, and we had good people working on it. It was just a sad thing that they never got enough money to make it go.

Butler: During some of my research, I was coming across some articles that talked about some of the interaction between the Air Force and NASA during this planning. Along with the budget problems, there had been some critics saying that the programs were duplicating, and that actually NASA and the Air Force were trying to work together to make sure that they weren't duplicating and exchanging information back and forth. Did you personally have much interaction with any NASA personnel at that time?

Hartsfield: Not at my level. I had made one trip down to Houston. We talked to some people. Mike [Michael] Collins, and some others down here, we had some conversations with, regarding different aspects of space flight, just trying to get smart, things to plan for, things not to plan for. There wasn't that kind of contact, and from what I know, we really didn't have a conflict. There wasn't duplication, is what I'm trying to say, because things that we were trying to do in space were totally different from what NASA was trying to do. We weren't duplicating anything. Even though it was called a laboratory, it was different kinds of experiments. So it wasn't duplication.

Butler: Actually, a little bit later, after you had moved into NASA and the astronaut program, the Russians put up their Salyut, which may have had some similarities, and I realize you may not be able to compare some of those. But were you aware of the Salyut when it went up?

Hartsfield: Yes. We read Aviation Week, so we knew what was going on. Aviation Week had pretty good sources. They dug out some information. Of course, at that time, we didn't have a lot of contact with the Russians and there was speculation on what they were doing. And the Salyut history, now, we go back and we know that some of those had military purposes almost totally, even up until just recently. In fact, even Mir early had military experiments going on. Whether that duplicated what we did or not, I can't say. But there was definitely an interest on the Russian part, military, but that whole program was military. If you recall, it was run by the rocket forces. It is today. I think they reorganized here under the rocket forces, but the military did all the launches even until about a year ago. I think they still do them now, but the organization is different and their reporting is slightly different. It was always a military program. There was always a Russian general had the final say on whether the crews launched or not. There was a gentleman by the name of Ivanov [phonetic]. I don't know, I think he's been replaced by another general. He retired, I think.

Butler: Was there, in light of the Russian activities, did you hear any stir about trying to reactive something such as the MOL, or had things pretty well by that time moved into more unmanned type of operations for the military?

Hartsfield: I think that it'd gone to the unmanned. MOL, when it was canceled, there wasn't much of a chance of reviving that. It was a disappointment to us, and I think it would have been a successful program, but it just didn't go.

Butler: The Air Force did have a variety of programs that it was trying to get into the manned space aspect of things between MOL, Dyna-soar, and some others. What was some of the driving considerations of having manned military programs, but then actually they did shift to unmanned military operations, which did provide quite a bit of information and were quite successful? Can you compare some of those or look at what some of the early motivation would have been for manned?

Hartsfield: I think the primary driver was a person, a human being, is probably the only computer around that can reprogram in a hurry. When you operate any kind of an automated vehicle, you can only operate under terms that you program into it, and it can't react real time. The early attempts, I think, by the military were to investigate what a person in orbit could do, what they could see and what they could do, and what kind of things they might control from space. It was those kinds of things, you know, what can the military person do. It was unknown, an unknown quantity at that time.

So the focus was on that, and the Air Force, for DoD [Department of Defense], was trying to get a vehicle up there. They started with Dyna-soar. In fact, Al [Albert H.] Crews, who was on the MOL Program, was supposed to be a Dyna-soar pilot. After that program was canceled, he had the opportunity to come down to NASA, but not as an astronaut. He was too old. In fact, there were fourteen of us on the program, and what they decided was to take the seven youngest. They drew the line at age thirty-five. They said, "If you're over thirty-five, unfortunately, we can't take you."

There were seven of us that were under thirty-five. I was thirty-two at the time, but I remember Abe, [James A.] Jim Abrahamson, Abe was on the program. Abe was two months past thirty-five. He argued with them, but he didn't win. But Abe went on to become Code M [NASA Headquarters Head of Manned Space Flight] and run the program for a while. He was a young-looking fellow.

I remember Jim—what was Jim's name? He was the space reporter for the Houston Chronicle. Jim, a little short guy, I can't remember his name to save my life. [Jim Mahoney of the Houston Post.]

Butler: I know who you're talking about, but I'm drawing a blank.

Hartsfield: I remember it was [Donald K.] Deke Slayton's retirement party at [the] Gilruth [Center], and Abe was flying down from Washington with a special award for Deke, and they had weather problems. He got there a little late. I wish I could remember that guy's name. Anyhow, he was standing by the hors d'oeuvre table, and I was standing next to him. Abe came in and walked around, walking really fast up the far side of the Gilruth Auditorium there. He turned to me and he said, "Is that Abrahamson?"

I said, "Yes."

He said, "He looks so young."

I said, "Well, believe it or not, he's older than I am."

Whatever was his name, he turned to me, and he says, "How can that be?"

I said, "Well, he was born before I was." [Laughter] And I thought he was going to hit me. I inherited my daddy's tendency to white hair. My hair was turning gray, I had little gray streaks, when I was in my late twenties. By the time I was in the middle thirties, it was really starting to gray up, so I grayed at a young age. But I guess Jim was looking at that.

Butler: That's pretty good. That's a good story.

When you did come over to NASA, what were some of the—you said you were in school, obviously, finishing your master's first. But once you began training with NASA, what were some of the differences or similarities between either your training or even some of the equipment between MOL and NASA at that point, or were there many by then?

Hartsfield: Of course, the basic physics involved in flying in space doesn't change. I mean, you've got orbital mechanics and those kind of things to worry about. And systems, you know, having worked on the MOL Program, a lot of us had some understanding of different space systems and the kind of compensation you have to do to systems to make them operate in a vacuum and micro-G [microgravity] environment and sometimes severe thermal environments. You have to deal with all that.

So from that standpoint, I think we were well prepared when we came down here. All seven of us went to work and we were given assignments. I don't even remember now some of the things that we did. First, it was little jobs, you know, and most of us were given support assignments of one kind of another. Early on, I was assigned to the support crew for Apollo 16 and wound up being a Capcom [capsule communicator]. I got an awful lot of time in the simulator.

Since [Thomas K. “Ken”] Mattingly [II] had trained for Apollo 13 and had been exposed to the measles, he was taken off that flight and put on Apollo 16. Then he had gone through a lot of that training before for the command module part of the mission, and he asked me to verify his flight plan. So I flew many, many hours in a command module simulator. I flew all his entire flight plan, virtually, to make sure it all played and the timing was right. So I learned quite a bit about Apollo at the time and then wound up supporting the mission as Capcom.

It was kind of exciting when we had the abort here. If you remember, they didn't land on the first opportunity. The plan was for the command module to take the LM [Lunar Module] down to an elliptical orbit with a low point, I think, of ten miles. They were nominally up at fifty or something like that. I don't remember the exact miles. They made the burn with the command module, and in that elliptical orbit from the low altitude, that was to save fuel for the lunar module, so they would have more fuel for the descent, and they dropped the LM off, and then these circular burns had to be done on the far side of the Moon.

So on the back side of the Moon, Ken was supposed to burn the command module and service module engine again to raise the orbit back up to circular. It seems like that was sixty miles, but I'm not sure. In any event, I knew things weren't going well because we didn't get the acquisition of signal like we should have. First thing he said was, "No circ burn." Well, that just shocked us all.

I said, "No circ burn?"

He said, "Roger." What had happened, when he did the gimbal checks on the service module, the secondary gimbals oscillated, they weren't stable, and that was a no-go. Well, if they didn't do the circ burn, that meant we had to pick the LM up and call it quits, I mean, you know, we couldn't do it.

What was amazing was how quickly NASA responded. Lunar orbit is about two hours. So from the time that happened, in four hours they did a test down at Downey on the iron bird. You know, they had a model of all that gimbal system out there with real hardware. I think Stu Roosa did that test and determined that—they duplicated the problem, whatever it was that made it oscillate. But they determined it was a stable oscillation. It didn't diverge. And if you had to, you could use it.

So the flight rule was that you had to have a backup or you come home, because if you didn't have a backup, you're one string, and that engine is the only thing that's going to get you home. So the next burn is come home, kind of thing. So once they knew they had the backup, two revs later, Ken did the circ burn. They fortunately never had to use the backup gimbals, even on the burn to come home. But it was a good example of how quickly NASA responds.

That part made the mission exciting. It made it exciting, too, from the standpoint that the carefully constructed flight plan now went in the toilet, because they were four hours late and had to replan everything. Also, they had the crew missing a switch when they left the LM, you may recall. The flight plan was all marked up. I wrote up change after change after change for them to modify their checklists. In the interest of getting the crew some rest, they had broken the deactivation of the LM up, as I recall, into pieces instead of a continuous thing. I mean, they broke it up so that part of it would be finished the next day.

Then doing all this markup with a checklist, somewhere along the line, and no one knows why, you never know, a switch was missed, and when they separated from the LM, the ground didn't have control of it anymore. They were going to fly it from radio control from the Earth, and their plan was, as they do in all those, they crash the LM into the Moon and they had seismometers on the Moon to study the geology or how the Moon was put together, the structure, and they could get the impact transmitted around to the seismometers they put out. They didn't have control of the LM. It eventually crashed into the Moon, but it was disappointing that this didn't happen [as planned]. But that's what happens when you mess up a flight plan.

But it was a lot of fun. I enjoyed working that mission. That was a good crew.

Butler: Were there good interactions between the support crews, the backup crews, the prime crews?

Hartsfield: Oh, yes, yes. We spent a lot of time at the Cape with them, supporting them. Charlie Duke and John [W.] Young and Ken were all great people to work with. Ken's a little bit of a workaholic, but everybody knows that. So when I got my first Shuttle flight, he was my commander. We spent many, many hours getting ready for that, but it was a lot of fun.

Butler: It certainly sounds like an interesting opportunity for you there.

Hartsfield: It was. And I worked for a short time right after I got there—I'm trying to think whether it was before or after that. It was after that mission, I think, I worked for a very short time with the Space Station Program. In those days, NASA had decided what the next step was. There was proponents to building a big space stations. Others said, "Let's build a Space Shuttle, a transportation system." In fact, in the early day it was called STS—in fact, it still is, Space Transportation System.

The grand concept then, as I recall, were a whole bunch of components, which included the Shuttle. It did include a station, eventually, as part of this thing, a permanent station. It was like a docking place. A tug that would go—what am I trying to say? The satellites, the fuel stations in orbit would go back and forth. You had a lot of components, but we wound up only building the Shuttle, of course.

In fact, I remember going out to Seal Beach [California]. They had a mockup of the Station out there that was based on an S-II stage, Saturn second stage, which was huge. That stage is thirty-three feet in diameter and 130 or 40 feet long or something, so to allow that big a diameter and four decks, it was a fantastic Station. They opted to go the other way.

In fact, John Young was on the Moon when NASA made the announcement that they were going ahead with the Shuttle Program. It was an interesting time. I remember one night I was Capcom and I'd been talking to the crew on the Moon. I walked out, and it was an absolute clear night. It was absolutely beautiful in Houston. It was nighttime and there was the Moon up there. All of a sudden, it hit me, I was just talking to some people who were up there. It's just mind-boggling, you know, that you could get that great experience. I don't know why it hit me then, but it did.

I get frustrated now with these idiots who say we really didn't go, it was done with smoke and mirrors. I mean, I know the people, I know what was there, I have seen the parts that come back, I talked to them, I watched them leave, you know, I watched the tracking radar. I mean, there's no doubt. I don't know how anybody can be so stupid to think this was not real.

Butler: I wonder if they even took a little effort to think and had question, supposedly, if they took a little bit of effort, they could talk to people like yourself.

Hartsfield: You'd think, though, really, in this day and age, that if it had been faked that somebody wouldn't have talked? You couldn't keep a secret in this country if you wanted to.

Butler: No, certainly not.

Hartsfield: I mean, maybe there's some zealots who would take something to the grave with them. There are people that are willing to die for what they believe in and will keep their mouth shut if it's a conspiracy kind of thing, but to pull off something of that magnitude, there are too many people involved to make it work. There's no way you're going to keep that secret, no way. Are you familiar with the [web]site NASA Watch?

Butler: Yes.

Hartsfield: [Daniel S.] Goldin would have a meeting behind his doors up there, and it would be on NASA Watch before the night was over. I mean, who's leaking it? But I mean some reason, somehow, they knew what was going on, what was being said in there. It's crazy.

Butler: Yes, the word certainly spreads very quickly, very quickly. Part of, I guess, being in an open society. There's not much that is hidden, and certainly not anything of that magnitude could be.

Hartsfield: No, and people see things they don't understand and they try to ascribe other reasons to it.

Butler: Yes, without looking into the scientific facts and the flag-waving and all those things, there's very simple basic explanations.

But it is interesting that you mentioned your moment of realizing all that was going on. At that point, what were your thoughts about being involved in the space program? At that point, did you realize that the later Apollo missions had been canceled?

Hartsfield: Yes, by the time we got to Houston, they'd canceled 18 and 19. They were, of course, no longer talking about building a third Skylab, and somewhere along in there they decided that they weren't going to fly the second vehicle, which is now in the Smithsonian. So all the seats went away. So the only thing left was [the] Apollo-Soyuz [Test Project, ASTP]. Of course, that was for the Apollo crews to fly, the ones that still hadn't flown, along with Stafford. It was good to see Deke get his flight.

Butler: I bet.

Hartsfield: Flew a long way. But during that period, I worked on the Shuttle Program. I was given the responsibility of working with the engineers to develop the flight control system, the entry flight control system. I had a lot of fun doing that. I spent many hours in simulators at Downey [California, at the Rockwell International Corporation facility] and here. We were primitive at first, just looking what kind of control laws we want, all the way to very sophisticated ones, trying to figure out what the aerodynamics is like.

I don't know what the final count was, but, as I recall, the Shuttle Program had over 22,000 hours of wind tunnel time to try to figure out what it flies like. Because the decision had been made, there are no test flights. We were going to fly it manned the first flight, and an orbital flight at that, which demanded that, the best you can, understand this. Well, hypersonic aerodynamics is difficult to understand, and it requires—well, let me put it this way. The uncertainty on the aerodynamic parameters that you get out of the [wind] tunnel are big. The things that we were looking at in the simulations were if these uncertainties in the different aerodynamic parameters stack in a certain way, the vehicle could be unstable. What we were looking for, for those combinations, statistically were possible, but hopefully not very probable they'd happen, but if they did, that was the kind of things we had to plan for.

We had developed an idea of what we called downmoding. There were flight control laws, modification of flight control laws. We had a switch in the cockpit on the Columbia that we could throw. Fortunately, we never had to use it, but it was a backup thing, and there was a lot of controversy over it. I remember there was some strong feelings from Chris [Christopher C.] Kraft [Jr.] about not liking that technology, that capability. I felt strongly that we ought to have it. It was my feeling that John Young wanted to have it, although we were fortunate in that the aerodynamic parameters weren't too far afield. Although we had some aerodynamic parameters, they were outside the predicted bounds of uncertainty, but, fortunately, they weren't combined with any others that would get us in trouble.

It's just an uncertain world. You can't predict, because in the wind tunnel, you have to put in scaling factors. If you're doing wind tunnel things off a small model, it doesn't really scale to the big model perfectly, and you have to make assumptions when you do that. The scaling ratios have a big factor, a big effect on what the real numbers are. So if you could fly a full-scale orbiter in the wind tunnel, it would go mach 15 or something, it would be great, but you can't do that. You have a little-bitty model, and it's a shock tunnel or something. You'd get a few seconds of runtime at the right mach numbers, and then try to capture the data off of that.

So it was an exciting time for me when we flew that first flight, because watching that and seeing whether we was going to get it back or not. Of course, we didn't have com all the way, and so once they went LOS [loss of signal] in entry was a real nervous time to see if somebody was going to talk to you on the other side. So it was really great when John greeted us over the radio when they came out of the blackout. So it was flying okay.

Butler: It did perform very well.

Hartsfield: Yes, excellent.

Butler: Then you had been involved to some extent on some of the approach and landing tests with the Shuttle Training Aircraft [STA], is that correct?

Hartsfield: Yes. As part of the flight crew's training development, I flew the Shuttle training airplane. I flew the TIFS airplane, total in-flight simulator, which was something Calspan [Corporation] had. That was a modified Convair with an extra cockpit out on the nose, and you crawl through in there. But in the back were computers, and the airplane was modified with direct lift flaps and controls that let the cockpit give you the feeling, the motions, that you have in the real vehicle that you were simulating. It was used by Calspan mostly in support of airplane development, Air Force development programs, all military, to model different airplanes, and then the flight crew could fly them and give their opinion of how many characteristics and qualities and make them push the redesign and modification of flight control.

We used that quite a bit in developing the Shuttle. Then we developed a Shuttle training airplane based on G-2 [Grumman Gulfstream II]. That was a great accomplishment, I think. How we had predicted the Shuttle would fly subsonic was pretty doggone close. When John's comment after, you know, was when we made that first approach with the Shuttle was the Shuttle training airplane paved the way. I mean it was just like we had predicted. But that part of the flight regime was easy to predict, because it's low speed. The part that we were really concerned about were the hypersonic regions and also the transonic, because the basic Shuttle is unstable in both the yaw and pitch in different phases of the flight program and flight regime envelope, and it relies on the electronic control system to keep it stable.

So we were concerned about transonic, because at it goes transonic, say from mach 5 down to mach 1, the stability margins are at the most reduced region. There's pretty good margins on stability and being able to control with the computer. But in this especially mach 3 to mach 1 area there, the characteristics are changing like it's going from unstable in yaw to stable in yaw and then going unstable in pitch. So it's when those kind of regions are overlapping, you're kind of wondering how it's all going to come out.

Butler: Very dynamic.

You mentioned earlier that the decision had been made to have the first flight manned. Was that in relation to some of these situations where having someone in there would help control the spacecraft better throughout the whole?

Hartsfield: No, I think it was the expense and the difficulty in flying it unmanned, you know, because we never planned it from the start. The Russians flew their orbiter unmanned, automated, and it did a great job, but they had planned it from the start. If we had, it would have been major modifications to the current orbiter design, so that it could be flown unmanned, because you had to think about the software conversions and all the things you've got to do. We had separate software modules that we had to load once on orbit into the entry and all that. All that had to be loaded off of storage devices or carried in core, because, remember, the Shuttle computer was only a 65K machine. If you know much about storage, it's small, 65K. You take a memory chip in your normal computer, just in real-time storage is 512K, but this is 65. Even our newer computers, we're now running 125K software.

But when you think about complexity of the vehicle that we're flying a complex machine with full computers voting in tight sync and fly orbital dynamic flight phase and give the crew displays, and we're doing that with 65K of memory, it's mind-boggling. I mean, you take the little computer you carry in your purse or something, and it's got more memory than that.

But the memory has to be radiation-hardened, too. I mean you have to have memory that radiation is not going to flip a bit and destroy the whole thing, you know. It could correct for that. Of course, the Apollo guys will tell you how small their computers were, too.

Butler: Yes, the space program certainly has made the best out of what they've had with the computer technology and really pushed it to its edges.

You've talked about being involved in the flight control systems, in the STA, and in all these development phases of the Shuttle. How much input did the entire astronaut corps have into the actual design development throughout the whole buildup of the Shuttle Program?

Hartsfield: Quite a bit, especially where it came to crew interface with the vehicle. As far as flight control goes, it was the flight crews would evaluate the flight control system and give it a write-in. There's a scale called the Cooper-Harper ratings. There were two flight engineers, and I think both of them were pilots, too, that worked for Calspan and developed this rating system. It's a very good system, and it's been used by test pilots for years. You fly a vehicle and depending on what you're looking at, what flight phase, whatever, you're asked to give a Cooper-Harper rating. It varies from 1 to 10. You give it a 1 rating, very few airplanes, any airplane, will get a 1. A 1 is it flies perfectly, it does everything it's supposed to do, it has no bad characteristics.

It starts very simple. Is it controllable? If it's not, it's a 10. Obviously, you aren't flying when you do that one. You do that one in a simulator. I can't fly it. It's totally uncontrollable. Then the next broad category, like 7, 8, 9, I don't remember the exact adjectives, but it's like is it controllable with extreme concentration, barely so, and you cannot achieve the mission. Then the next three ratings, you know, depends on either the top or the bottom of that, but it's controllable but I have great difficulty doing the mission, you know, doing what it's supposed to do. I mean, I'm spending all my time just keeping the airplane flying. Then the 1, 2, 3 ratings are I can do the mission, it's controllable, and I can do the mission, and it's either excellent or it's down to it's minimal acceptable.

Butler: Looks like a pretty good system there.

Hartsfield: But when you get into that, you start answering those questions, you know, starting with the very simple one, can you control it all the way up, and then you refine it. You arrive real quickly at a number rating, which is a quantitative rating, which is very good, a good tool.

Butler: Did the Shuttle system work its way through some of that rating or did it start out pretty—

Hartsfield: Yes, I think, depending on the flight phases, I think I would rate the Shuttle as in the three-to-four range. It's an unusual airplane in that especially for landing it—it flies fairly nice, except for landing. The problem there is that the pilot sits at or slightly forward of the apparent center of rotation, if that means anything to you. If you're flying an airplane and you pull back on the controls to raise the nose, the first thing that happens in a conventional airplane is the elevators go up in the back. In doing so, they dump lift, but they also rotate the airplane. They're putting a torque to rotate the airplane.

So the first thing that happens as soon as you pull back on the yoke or stick or whatever you have, is dumping the lift, the airplane begins to settle. The CG [center of gravity] actually starts going down, but the nose is coming up. Then the increased angle of attack on the airplane gives it more lift, so now it starts to climb, which is what you wanted to happen, or you wanted to decrease the rate of descent.

If you take those two motions, the CG is going down, the front is going up, somewhere is the part that never goes down or up initially. It's the apparent center of rotation, and the airplane appears to rotate about that point. Most airplanes, the pilot is well forward of the apparent center of rotation, so even a light plane, you're flying, your Cessna, you pull back on the yoke, the nose goes up, you feel it, because the CG is behind you, you feel the airplane rotate, you see it rotate, and you've got positive feedback immediately that something happened when I moved the controls.

Even an airplane like the 747, the pilot's way up in front of the CG, or apparent center of rotation, and when he pulls on the yoke, the nose goes up. The CG of the airplane does a real big sink before it recovers, almost three-quarters of a second before it starts to respond to climb. But the pilot sees it right away because the nose moved and his out the window checks.

The trouble with the orbiter is it doesn't have a nose. You look out the window of the orbiter and the nose slopes off and there's nothing to see out. You don't see the nose. Secondly, you're at the center of rotation or slightly aft of it, and so you don't see anything. You're not aware of that slightly aft thing, but I mean when you move to put in the stick control to make it pitch, you don't see the pitch and you don't feel it, because there's nothing to feel.

The result is that you learn to fly it in a little bit of a bang-bang motion. You put in small inputs until you see what happens. But you learn it very quickly. Pilots that come to us from the military pick up real quickly on how to fly it. Early on, we had a tendency for pilot-induced oscillations in the control systems, PIOs we called them, where you don't see what you want to happen, and so you make another input. The first thing you know, you do see it, but now you've got big inputs in, so it kind of goes further than you want, so you back it the other way. The first thing you know, you're doing this [Hartsfield gestures in an oscillating motion].

Some airplanes, you get behind them like that, and it's called a pilot induced oscillation, they can become very violent, leading to loss of control. This is not a feature you want in the Space Shuttle.

We had a case of PIO on the fifth preflight. It wasn't totally Fred [W.] Haise's fault, but if you remember, he got into a — hit and then he got into PIO on landing and wound up with a very firm landing. What happened in his case was a fault in the flight control design such that if you saturated the roll channel, it would lock out the pitch channel, and vice versa. It's just the way the control law was put together. No one, the engineers didn't see that, and I or no one else that flew it had ever seen it, but, unfortunately, Fred encountered it on his landing, in that the airplane has slight wheel down, one wheel was lower than the other, one wing was lower than the other when he touched down. Just as he made a pitch input, I'm trying to remember how all this happened, and when the wheel touched, the other wheel came down, and it put in a roll.

The control center automatically compensates. If you aren't commanding something, it tries to keep that rate zero. Well, touching the ground put a rate in, and the flight control system put in automatically a command to take the rate out, at the same time he had made a pitch input, it saturated the roll channel, and his pitch input didn't get in. He made another one, then the roll channel unsaturated, and gave him the pitch command more than he wanted. So it really wasn't his fault, and it led to an oscillation error.

We learned a lot about flight control system there. We went in and fixed that, but it was embarrassing to Rockwell that this design problem had been there all along but no one had ever encountered it in any simulations. So we fixed it so you couldn't lock a channel out.

Then in the Shuttle Training Airplane, we had some flight crews still get into a PIO. There was a tendency to do that, and it wasn't a lockout, just the control system was sensitive. So we put in a filter in the flight control that would limit the pilot input. It was called a PIO filter. It worked great since the software could compute faster than you could move. If you tried to command too big of a command, it would compensate and not let it get in. That worked very well, and it's still there today, as far as I know.

Butler: Certainly good that the opportunity was there to test these and work them out before the very first flight when so many things had to be tested and tried.

Hartsfield: Yes, you know, this is the way you normally do it. See, the other problem of the orbiter or the Shuttle versus normal test routine, when you fly a new fighter or any kind of a new airplane, it's gone through hundreds of hours of flight tests before it gets out in the field and many, many flights. We didn't have that luxury with the orbiter. I mean we flew it one time.

Even today we've had a little over 100 flights, which is not even a normal test program in most airplanes. So we had to accept what we could get. From that standpoint, I think it's done remarkably well. It's a great airplane. Don't get me wrong. It takes a lot of tender care and a lot of expensive care to make it work. But you know, for being the first of a kind, it's still a wonderful vehicle. It's the only one in the world that can do what it does. A lot of the things they could have made it cheaper to operate were taken out of the program early on for cost savings because they were complicated, SEP [separation] monitoring systems and things like that that just weren't feasible to put in at the time.

Butler: It certainly has been a high-performing vehicle. It's lasted quite a few years and will be around for quite a few more.

Hartsfield: I hope so. It's good to see, until we find something better.

Butler: Well, moving then, into more on the Shuttle, at what point did you learn about your assignment to STS-4? Was it during this early phase?

Hartsfield: No. I was trying to remember. I don't remember the exact year. It was somewhere around '78, '79, somewhere in there. Well, first off, we picked the crews for ALT [Approach and Landing Tests]. I was extremely disappointed that I wasn't one of those, to be honest with you, and still don't know why. I mean, I thought that having developed the flight control system, I'd be in a good position. So did a lot of other people, didn't understand either, but we learned along the way you don't—crew assignments are strange things. You don't need to second-guess them. You just smile and press ahead.

Then they announced the crews for the OFT, Orbital Flight Test Program. They were A through F, but we didn't know how they were going to fly. Ken [Mattingly] and I were in E crew. The Orbiter Flight Test Program originally was going to be six flights. Later, it was changed to four. So no one knew exactly how this was going to work. All we knew was that [John W.] Young and [Robert L.] Crippen were A, and [Joe H.] Engle and [Richard H.] Truly were B. We knew John was first, and they were being backed up by Engle and Truly. But after that, we weren't quite sure what was happening. It all began to sort out, and it was kind of a funny picture.

Ken and I wondered, "What are we going to fly?" Well, I remember it was kind of a strange thing. [Jack R.] Lousma and [C. Gordon] Fullerton were training. Eventully we figured out they were going to be three. It kind of got down to where they were starting to train. They'd been told they were flying the third flight. They started training for it. Well, then we got this call the ninth floor over there [from the administrative offices in Building 1] that we should go to St. Louis [Missouri] or wherever they were, I can't remember now, training, that Ken and I should go up there and start getting this training.

Well, it was kind of funny, because it scared them. Lousma made a panic call back to Houston, said, "What's going on? Are we being replaced?" It just raised—because nobody bothered to tell anybody what was going on. But what eventually turned out is that we were going to back them up. It turned out that the original plan was Jack's crew was going to back up Engle, but it didn't. We wound up backing up Engle and Truly. We backed up 2. Well, then, since we were backup on 2, I think it made 3 nervous, Lousma and them, they thought we were going to replace them. That wasn't true. What really happened was we backed them up as well.

Then we flew 4. It was kind of a funny way the crews were labeled there, you know. But as E crew, we were backing up the third flight, but we weren't flying. So we wound up flying. I think the D crew flew 5, and we flew 4, but so it was the last of the two-person flights. It was a little bit confusing as to the way the crews were announced, because no one really knew. It was kind of a standard, I won't say a joke, but it started around the office trying to figure out this crew structure and how it was going to work.

But it all sorted out, and I think sorted out fairly. Everybody got to fly, and nobody got kicked off a flight, you know. For some of us who had waited so many years, when the seven of us that came from the MOL Program, and some of them had been in the MOL Program longer than I, like Truly was in the first group and I was in the second group that were picked, so from the time we were picked for the space program till the time we flew was around sixteen years with the Air Force and a long time at Houston, so it was a long wait. At that point, you didn't want to see anything get in your way. When the crew confusion started going on, "Well, I hope I'm not losing my place, I’ve waited too long." But everybody got to fly, so it was a good deal.

Butler: What did your training entail for, first, for backing up those two crews and then for your own? Were they pretty similar since they were the orbital flight tests?

Hartsfield: Yes, each of the flights had something different to do. But the basic flying the orbiter was about the same, and that was what we were training. We spent a lot of time in the simulator, doing ascent training, entry training, and orbit training. Orbit flights for each of those were different. All of them had the Canadian arm [RMS, Remote Manipulator System], which I was the arm operator on the STS-4. So I started training on the arm to back up 2 and 3, and got a lot of use of it on 4. Spent a lot of hours operating that arm. We had tests we did with it as well as long experiments. We had an experiment package, contamination monitor, a big package that I maneuvered all around different parts of the orbiter over the payload bay, over the thrusters.

This thing was to see what kind of things it was picking up, whether it was getting propellant vapor or water that was in the atmosphere, because they were trying to get that because the science community was concerned about if they put a payload in the orbiter bay, what kind of environment was it really going to be in. Were there outgassing things going on that were going to affect the experiment? So we did this contamination monitor experiment.

Butler: Working with Ken Mattingly, you'd worked with him as support crew on Apollo 16 and had built already some connection with him there and then moving on to STS-4, so was your interaction pretty comfortable between the both of you?

Hartsfield: Oh, yes, Ken and I got along well. We both went to Auburn. I think it's the only time the entire crew went to the same university in the space flight business. We used to take a lot of ribbing from the University of Alabama folks, saying the only reason they put two Auburn guys on one flight, that way we'd only mess up one. [Laughter] So we had to take a lot of ribbing, but it was a lot of fun.

You know, in between those two, I worked as support crew and Capcom for all the Skylab missions, too. So that was an interim assignment that I enjoyed. It was in '73.

Butler: I'm glad you mentioned that. I was going to go back to that at some point. Since we're on it now, what did those duties entail for supporting and Capcom for Skylab since it was so different from Apollo and very different from what Shuttle was being of long duration? Can you tell us what some of that, what all of that was like?

Hartsfield: I was, they called it the BCMP, backup command module pilot, which really you weren't the backup pilot. You were the support crew. Some people got the idea it was, but the job at the Cape was to tuck the crew in along with the regular support crew that did that. So during the Cape activities, when the vehicle is in the final launch phases, then the BCMP, I would go in the module, I forget whether it was eight or ten hours prior to flight, whatever it was, and set the switches, go through a checklist and put all the switches in the right place as they begin to activate the flight computers and all that sort of stuff, so that when the crew got in, everything was all set up.

When the crew got in, I would be in the lower equipment bay, which is at their feet at the back end of the command module, and then help them get their feet in their launch restraints and all that sort of stuff. Then when they were all strapped in, then I would crawl under the seat and out between the center seat and the hatch area and climb out. Then they'd start sealing the hatch up and doing all that. But that all worked fine. That was the way we trained.

Unfortunately, for the first Skylab mission, you remember the meteorite shield ripped off on launch and the crew was supposed to fly the next day, after the Skylab was in orbit, but after that happened, they canceled that, and it was about two weeks', I recall, delay, before they launched the crew.

Well, in the meantime, they developed this parasol and the big umbrella they put out to protect the vehicle from heat, and all these tools, because they weren't quite sure what they were going to get into. They knew they had one solar array that was pinned, and the other one had ripped off. So it was a bad situation. To get power, they would have to first protect the lab from heat, and then they'd have to unpin the solar array. It turned out it was a piece of metal holding it. So they had these giant cutters and things and saws and all sorts of tools. They stowed all that under the seats. We had to pack all that in there. In fact, it was Ray Dell’Osso, I think. The night before launch, they reversed. They tanked first and then finished the stowage because we didn't have it all at the Cape, which is kind of a—normally, once they tank, nobody goes out there but the crew and the closeout crew. But we went out and did all this stowage and came back and set switches.

But anyhow, when I got to the crew, Joe [Joseph P.] Kerwin was in the center seat, there was no place to get out. Under the seats were all full. So I had to crawl over him, and I slipped going out and my knee hit him right in the stomach, so I got this "Oooh!" "Sorry, Joe." He wasn't hurt, but it was kind of embarrassing. But I managed to get out over him and get out the hatch, but they wouldn't let me stow away. I was wanting to go with them.

Butler: Certainly tight confines in there, especially when you add even more equipment.

Hartsfield: Yes. They did a great job of reconfiguring and saving the mission. Those three Skylab missions I thought went very well. I wound up, I think, getting more graveyard Capcom shifts than anybody. It was just the luck of the draw. In fact, I don't know, still maybe somebody has caught me by now, but I think I held the record for Capcom time for a long time because I did all three of the Skylabs and Apollo 16, so it was a lot of hours sitting in the mission control. A dubious record, not one I'm real proud of. But I had a lot of fun doing that. We had good teams and worked well together.

Butler: Did you, when you weren't working your Capcom shifts, were you working some of your other—were you starting to get into Shuttle at that point?

Hartsfield: No, because the way the Capcom things did, I forget the work schedule. It was like three, maybe it was five days. I don't know. Five on and three off, or something. Your off times varied, then you shifted schedule. You'd be like five. I forget. I think it was five, five days on the graveyard, and then you would shift and go to the next shift. So you got a planning shift and whatever they called them, and an ops shift. So you weren't always stuck on it, but you moved around from shift to shift. They gave you a few days to adjust your sleep cycle and to go back to the office and do whatever you got to do to get caught up. But really there wasn't an opportunity to do much else.

Butler: Certainly a challenge getting your schedule shifted around like that, getting your body adjusted, and so forth. But Skylab certainly has returned a lot of good information.

Hartsfield: Oh, it was great. We had a lot of fun doing that. It was unfortunate that it got ripped apart on ascent, but we're fortunate that we didn't lose it.

Butler: Absolutely. Were there any incidents or occurrences during Skylab, either from a technical standpoint or from a more humorous standpoint that stand out for you that you'd like to mention during all those shifts on duty and such?

Hartsfield: Oh, you had fun. I don't remember anything specifically. I liked to have fun. Once in a while we'd send the crew up some humorous messages, you know, trying to keep them happy. But they had a pretty good work schedule, too. They were working pretty hard, and some of the guys were doing extra time to go look at the sun through the Apollo Telescope Mount, gathering data.

It was, I think, a learning process for all of us. We learned that for a long-term mission, crews cannot work as hard as they can on short-term. If you're going to have a Shuttle up seven or eight days, you can have a pretty tight flight plan and just drive the crew. There was a tendency to want to do that with Skylab. You finally had to realize, hey, the guys are going to be up here twenty-eight days, fifty-six, whatever the longest was, eighty-four. Give them some time off. There's no need to drive them like that. Besides, you run into problems and you've got a tight schedule, there's no way to catch up.

They learned a lot about planning flights. Bob [Robert A. R.] Parker, who was made the science czar early on, he did a remarkable job of coordinating all the science, because every one of the PIs [principal investigators] wants the full crew devotion to his experiment. We just couldn't do that. Bob did a sterling job of working together and getting all those people coordinated and agreeing on a science plan. See, they would start planning, I think, the day's activity about, as I recall, about forty-eight hours in advance, and then finalize it during the next day.

Then the night before was when all the detailed plans and messages would be sent up, the data the crew needed to operate. They would review on the evening before the day that was being planned, the final plans were made, they would send up a draft flight plan to the crew, and they'd review it and give their comments. "I think it'd work better if you moved this experiment over here," you know, something like that. The plan was finalized that evening, and during the night they would build all the messages that had to go up, the supporting data for the science day and the flight plan, one flight plan for each crew member, because each one of them had different things to do. We would uplink that over the night, so when the crew got up in the morning, they had their whole package there and they'd distribute it. Cut it up in appropriate pieces, you know. "Here's yours, here's yours, this is what you need for that," and press on for the day's activities.

Bob was coordinating the science, getting all the PIs to agree on which was the highest priority and how much time they were going to need, crew time they were going to need. So we learned a lot from that, and I think Station is going to benefit from that experience. I hope they will. NASA didn't do a very good job of that. After Skylab, there was a book about that thick [Hartsfield gestures] that was lessons learned. I think all it did was collect dust.

Butler: Unfortunately, there is a lot of years in between.

Hartsfield: You have to learn it all over again, but they will.

Butler: Well, hopefully, there's enough people still around that were involved with [Skylab] that can throw out a few pieces of advice here and there, too.

Hartsfield: Oh, they are, and they have been contributing to it.

Butler: During Skylab, was NASA able to work with DoD at all to incorporate some of the things that had been anticipated for the MOL Program then?

Hartsfield: Not to my knowledge, I don't think that ever happened, because MOL never really flew so there wasn't a lot to pass on.

Butler: I know they had managed to do some DoD events for the Gemini Program, and I wasn't sure if maybe they had been able to tie in some.

Hartsfield: Yes, we did DoD work on the Shuttle, you know, the DoD flew on the Shuttle. In fact, on STS-4, we had a military experiment that we flew.

It was a funny thing happened on that flight. Because it was highly classified, the work we were doing, on this one experiment they had a classified checklist. Because we didn't have secure com, we had the checklist divided up in sections that we just had letter names like Bravo Charlie, Tab Charlie, Tab Bravo that they could call out. When we talked to Sunnyvale [California] to Blue Cube out there, military control, they said, "Do Tab Charlie," or something. That way it was just unclassified.

We had one drawer, one locker that was where we kept all the classified material, and it was padlocked. So once we got on orbit, there was nobody going to steal it because we didn't have to worry about it. We unlocked it and did what we had to.

When we finished the last part of that thing, and I remember I finally got it all stowed, I told Ken, I said, "I got all the classified stuff put away. It's all locked up."

He said, "Great." It wasn't thirty minutes, and they said that the military folks needed to talk to us. So the Capcom came on, the military guy, and says he wanted me to do Tab November. Ken said, "What's Tab November?"

I said, "I ain't got the foggiest idea. I'm going to have to get the checklist out to see." So I got the padlock off and got the drawer and dug down and got the checklist out and went to Tab November, and it says, "Put everything away and secure it." [Laughter] Ken and I really laughed about it.

Butler: Of course, they couldn't tell you anything on the com as to what that was. Well, at least it wasn't too complicated of a process.

Hartsfield: No, it was just aggravating to have to undo all that, because that locker, the stuff we had just barely fit in there, so it was a really stowage issue here. If there's one thing you learn in zero G, things are always neatly packed. They pack it in FEPC [Flight Equipment Processing Contract] and you get it up there, and once you pull it out, it doesn't always go back in, because it expands or does something in zero G and it doesn't fit very well.

Butler: I think I've had that problem down here trying to get something back in.

Hartsfield: Well, you pack a suitcase to go somewhere. Once you open it up, you can't get it all back in there.

Butler: Yes. It's amazing how that works.

With the Department of Defense and NASA did have a lot of interaction on Shuttle, they had some plans early on with that, being with your background, did you have much involvement in those plans throughout the development of Shuttle and up?

Hartsfield: Not in development. I was involved on some of the classified flights to a limited extent. Those things they kept very tightly controlled, which they had to, you know. There were some things that I was doing later on after I finished flying that required my access to some of the things they were doing and some of the things that were going on. After Challenger, they quit flying military payloads.

Butler: Right. What was part of the motivation then, because they had originally thought of flying Shuttle flights out of Vandenberg and having—

Hartsfield: In fact, the old MOL pad became the Shuttle pad. They modified that.

Butler: Did those needs change at some point along the way, and then after Challenger they decided to go more with focused just on the unmanned systems? Is that probably what happened?

Hartsfield: I don't know what happened in there. I think when the Shuttle went down, the Air Force realized, I'm assuming, the DoD realized that they had to have a backup at the launch. They were starting to go where everything was going to fly on the Shuttle that they could fly, you know, that they'd better not put all their eggs in one basket. So I think they backed away from the Shuttle.

Besides, during the downtime, they changed the law that said we wouldn't fly commercial payloads either, if you remember. We quit launching satellites and those kinds of things. I don't know what the motivation for that was. It could have been that because we were—in my view, it was payola. It was marketing. "You put your payload on our Shuttle and if it's more than 50 percent of the payload bay, you can fly a person of your choice." It was sort of like a payola kind of thing or a marketing gimmick, you know. People were going to get a Shuttle ride just because their company was putting—that's how [Payload Specialist Gregory B.] Jarvis got on.

In fact, they even made the deal that if you can't fly on the flight that that goes, we'll get them a flight on another flight. It was kind of a ticket to fly anytime. I wasn't alone in the astronaut office, a lot of us didn't like that at all. We thought that that was not appropriate to take inexperienced people and put them on there, because there's a lot of resources in getting them ready to fly. You had to determine their personality. It was hard to do in a short period of time. Were they going to be stable? If you had a problem on orbit, am I going to have to babysit this person, or are they going to be able to respond to an emergency situation and take care of themselves like the crew has to? Because it could be detrimental. If you had a big problem, you could wind up having a person that wasn't used to that kind of conditions to endanger the rest of the crew because you have to attend to them.

That was the thing I objected to about [Dennis] Tito flying. I don't think we were ready for that, especially in their situation if they had to do emergency bailout, where they're in a hurry, get suited up, get in. I'll bet you he couldn't do that very fast. Maybe I'm wrong. But you don't know how he's going to react.

Early on when we were flying payload specialists, we had one payload specialist that became obsessed with the hatch. "You mean all I got to do is turn that handle and the hatch opens and all the air goes out?" It was kind of scary. Why did he keep asking about that? It turned out it was innocent, but at the time you don't know. We had some discussions, so we began to lock the hatch. We carried a lock. Once we got on orbit, we locked it, because you're not going to open on orbit.

Because you're getting a person that you don't have a lot of experience with. Everybody you fly with, from a crew standpoint, you've worked with for several years. Everybody knows their personalities and their quirks. They've had a thorough psychiatric evaluation before they even got selected. We put them in hazardous situations. Those that weren't pilots that fly in the T-38s, you get to watch them. If you fly long enough, you're going to have some contingencies, and you see how they react to that. I mean, you know, you're building the database that this is a good, reliable person and you can count on them, because you've got to count on each other. Everybody's got a job to do, especially in contingency. Everybody's got something that's their responsibility to carry out. And you've got to have that confidence to make the flight successful.

So some of us worried about these short-termers coming along and joyriding, we call it. Then, of course, some of the guys who hadn't flown yet resent these guys coming along and these people flying. "I'm sitting here, I'm trained, I've been picked, and these people are going." So it's a morale issue for them.

Butler: Yes. Tough situation there.

Well, if we could take a quick break here.

Hartsfield: Are we running out of time? Yes.

Butler: We're getting close. [Tape interruption]

Butler: Okay. Well, just to follow up on what you were just talking about with the payload specialist and integrated them into the crews and such. On your second mission, you did have one with you, Charlie [Charles D.] Walker, I believe. How did that work with building into the crew dynamic and the training? Were you able to work that in pretty well?

Hartsfield: Yes. In fact, I worked hard to integrate Charlie into the crew because I felt that was essential for our success. He was a good student. He was going into a strange environment and he wanted to learn, and he gave it his full attention. In fact, he got two more flights after he flew with us. He was probably the only one that flew more than once. Maybe there's another one, but he had three Shuttle flights for the electrophoresis work that we were doing. I had trained in St. Louis on that device, and it made its first flight on STS-4. I spent a good bit of time operating that experiment, and it was very promising.

There's a good example there of what happens in the commercial world. If you get an idea, you've got to push it hard and you've got to push it fast, or somebody else will beat you to the street with it. What the deal was, McDonnell Douglas [Corporation] had cut a deal or had an agreement with Ortho Pharmaceutical. We can all talk about this now, but at the time it was being kept somewhat proprietary because everyone knew when we were going to do something in the medical arena, but they didn't know what.

Well, there's a hormone called arethropoetin [phonetic], I don't know if you're familiar with that or not. It's a hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells. It can be separated out with a protein separation device, like electrophoresis, on the ground, but it's very slow and it's very expensive. It would make the drug very expensive for anybody using it.

Why do you want it? Well, since it stimulates the production of red blood cells, if I were going in for elective surgery, not emergency surgery, I've got to have something replaced or maybe you take out a gallbladder or something, or any kind of a bleeding thing, you give a person this hormone before the surgery. Their body begins to overdevelop, so to speak, red blood cells such that they may not need a transfusion or any external blood sources. So it could be a real boon to surgery, especially in the fear of AIDS and all the other things, you know, back when we weren't sure how good we were doing it, protecting the blood supply.

So it had a market, and there were a lot of other uses for it, too. People whose blood production was slow, you know, or a little bit anemic, you could pump it up with this hormone. So the market capability was there, but the drug cost too much because you just couldn't make enough of it. We found, in this experiment we flew, that with electrophoresis and microgravity and the technique that they had developed, that you could get five times the purity that you could on the Earth because of no gravity. I forget, it was quite a large factor, it seems like it was 100 times the throughput so that it made it profitable to do it in space.

So what Charlie was doing was, on the three flights he had, was further refining the process with this onboard device. They had already under construction a large electrophoresis factory, if you will, that would fly in the payload bay of the orbiter and really produce large quantities. Well, after Challenger, you know, and the two-year standdown, they got beat to the marketplace when some outfit in California using genetic engineering on bacteria, you know, got these bugs or whatever it was to produce this stuff on the ground, and they could do it in fairly large quantities and be very competitive. So the whole idea failed.

The concept was great. I thought this would be the first real commercial thing that we were doing in space and it was to help people, and it would be a good flag for NASA and for the space world to say, "Here's something that you can do." I'm still convinced that there are other things out there that you could do like that, that you can't do—gravity messes up a lot of things on Earth. If you can get into a micro-G environment, you can do things you can't do on Earth.

But unfortunately, that one was a victim of timing. But we had a lot of fun doing that. That's what Charlie was doing. He turned out to be a good crew member. He was a little nervous about it at first, but it was fun to watch him develop his space legs, so to speak, on orbit. From then on, he didn't have any more troubles on his other flights.

Butler: Was he assigned to the crew from the start, or did he come in at a later date?

Hartsfield: No, he came in fairly early, so we had a good bit of time to work with him.

Butler: Good. I'm sure that helped.

Hartsfield: Yes, he was good. We put his name in our patch circle, if you will notice. After Challenger, or even before Challenger, there was so much moving around of people, like which flight [Senator Edwin Jacob] Jake Garn is going to be assigned to, it will be on NASA and these payload specialists [PS] and especially the special guests like they were, and the PSs that were really tourists, so to speak, that were assigned because their company bought, like Jarvis, you know. Their flight assignments changed a lot, you know. Some of the flights had as many as three different people assigned at one time or another, and they had to keep changing their patches. So to save money, you probably noticed they put a ribbon at the bottom with the payload specialist on it, so they wouldn't have to change the whole patch. But when Charlie flew, I had sold George [W. S.] Abbey on this. "He's part of the crew, you know. Put his name on the patch with the rest of us." So it worked out well.

Butler: It sounds like it. It sounds like it. It certainly seems worth it, all the results.

Well, I want to thank you for joining us today and for taking time out of your schedule. It's certainly been interesting for us.

[End of Interview]

The New Chronology

https://chronologia.org/en/

Created finally in the XVI century A.D. and accepted today chronology and history of the ancient and medieval world, evidently contains big mistakes.

Many outstanding scientists understood it and discussed during a long period of time. But it appeared to be a difficult task to build a new, non-contradictory concept of chronology.
Starting from 1975 a group of mathematicians, mainly from the Moscow State University, were engaged in the development of this problem. Interesting results were received and published both in scientific periodical print and in separate monographs. We underline, that new concept of chronology is based, mainly, on analysis of historical sources WITH THE METHODS OF MODERN MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS and vast COMPUTER CALCULATIONS.

The task of chronology is to put in order the events into proper way on a temporary scale based on the available information. This task naturally fits into the field of applications to modern mathematical statistics, theory of information. The methods of humanities, one of which is history, are not enough for solving chronological issues. New chronology imposes another psychological picture of perception of the antiquity. Now the word "antiquity" should be connected with XV-XVII centuries A.D. that is with the events, distant from us on 300-400 years. Expression "high antiquity" should now relate to the XIII-XIV centuries A.D. And the words "the highest antiquity" – are already the XI-XII centuries A. D. BEFORE THE X-XI CENTURIES A.D. THE EPOCH OF SILENCE OF WRITTEN DOCUMENTS COMES. (See the book RECONSTRUCTION).
Our analyses of the chronology and history opened a striking circumstance. Based on the applied by us mathematical methods it was proved, that the Scaligerian chronology, and therefore also the Scaligerian history of the "antiquity" and the Middle Ages, is totally wrong. Moreover, it appeared that our history right up to the end of the XVI century was consciously falsified at the epoch of the XVII-XVIII centuries.

Wanderlust: The Art of Yoichi Nishikawa

 

Pixel 9

 

Typhoon - Conrad

TYPHOON



By Joseph Conrad
Far as the mariner on highest mast
Can see all around upon the calmed vast,
So wide was Neptune's hall . . . — KEATS





AUTHOR'S NOTE

The main characteristic of this volume consists in this, that all the stories composing it belong not only to the same period but have been written one after another in the order in which they appear in the book.

The period is that which follows on my connection with Blackwood's Magazine. I had just finished writing “The End of the Tether” and was casting about for some subject which could be developed in a shorter form than the tales in the volume of “Youth” when the instance of a steamship full of returning coolies from Singapore to some port in northern China occurred to my recollection. Years before I had heard it being talked about in the East as a recent occurrence. It was for us merely one subject of conversation amongst many others of the kind. Men earning their bread in any very specialized occupation will talk shop, not only because it is the most vital interest of their lives but also because they have not much knowledge of other subjects. They have never had the time to get acquainted with them. Life, for most of us, is not so much a hard as an exacting taskmaster.

I never met anybody personally concerned in this affair, the interest of which for us was, of course, not the bad weather but the extraordinary complication brought into the ship's life at a moment of exceptional stress by the human element below her deck. Neither was the story itself ever enlarged upon in my hearing. In that company each of us could imagine easily what the whole thing was like. The financial difficulty of it, presenting also a human problem, was solved by a mind much too simple to be perplexed by anything in the world except men's idle talk for which it was not adapted.

From the first the mere anecdote, the mere statement I might say, that such a thing had happened on the high seas, appeared to me a sufficient subject for meditation. Yet it was but a bit of a sea yarn after all. I felt that to bring out its deeper significance which was quite apparent to me, something other, something more was required; a leading motive that would harmonize all these violent noises, and a point of view that would put all that elemental fury into its proper place.

What was needed of course was Captain MacWhirr. Directly I perceived him I could see that he was the man for the situation. I don't mean to say that I ever saw Captain MacWhirr in the flesh, or had ever come in contact with his literal mind and his dauntless temperament. MacWhirr is not an acquaintance of a few hours, or a few weeks, or a few months. He is the product of twenty years of life. My own life. Conscious invention had little to do with him. If it is true that Captain MacWhirr never walked and breathed on this earth (which I find for my part extremely difficult to believe) I can also assure my readers that he is perfectly authentic. I may venture to assert the same of every aspect of the story, while I confess that the particular typhoon of the tale was not a typhoon of my actual experience.

At its first appearance “Typhoon,” the story, was classed by some critics as a deliberately intended storm-piece. Others picked out MacWhirr, in whom they perceived a definite symbolic intention. Neither was exclusively my intention. Both the typhoon and Captain MacWhirr presented themselves to me as the necessities of the deep conviction with which I approached the subject of the story. It was their opportunity. It was also my opportunity; and it would be vain to discourse about what I made of it in a handful of pages, since the pages themselves are here, between the covers of this volume, to speak for themselves.

This is a belated reflection. If it had occurred to me before it would have perhaps done away with the existence of this Author's Note; for, indeed, the same remark applies to every story in this volume. None of them are stories of experience in the absolute sense of the word. Experience in them is but the canvas of the attempted picture. Each of them has its more than one intention. With each the question is what the writer has done with his opportunity; and each answers the question for itself in words which, if I may say so without undue solemnity, were written with a conscientious regard for the truth of my own sensations. And each of those stories, to mean something, must justify itself in its own way to the conscience of each successive reader.

“Falk”—the second story in the volume—offended the delicacy of one critic at least by certain peculiarities of its subject. But what is the subject of “Falk”? I personally do not feel so very certain about it. He who reads must find out for himself. My intention in writing “Falk” was not to shock anybody. As in most of my writings I insist not on the events but on their effect upon the persons in the tale. But in everything I have written there is always one invariable intention, and that is to capture the reader's attention, by securing his interest and enlisting his sympathies for the matter in hand, whatever it may be, within the limits of the visible world and within the boundaries of human emotions.

I may safely say that Falk is absolutely true to my experience of certain straightforward characters combining a perfectly natural ruthlessness with a certain amount of moral delicacy. Falk obeys the law of self-preservation without the slightest misgivings as to his right, but at a crucial turn of that ruthlessly preserved life he will not condescend to dodge the truth. As he is presented as sensitive enough to be affected permanently by a certain unusual experience, that experience had to be set by me before the reader vividly; but it is not the subject of the tale. If we go by mere facts then the subject is Falk's attempt to get married; in which the narrator of the tale finds himself unexpectedly involved both on its ruthless and its delicate side.

“Falk” shares with one other of my stories (“The Return” in the “Tales of Unrest” volume) the distinction of never having been serialized. I think the copy was shown to the editor of some magazine who rejected it indignantly on the sole ground that “the girl never says anything.” This is perfectly true. From first to last Hermann's niece utters no word in the tale—and it is not because she is dumb, but for the simple reason that whenever she happens to come under the observation of the narrator she has either no occasion or is too profoundly moved to speak. The editor, who obviously had read the story, might have perceived that for himself. Apparently he did not, and I refrained from pointing out the impossibility to him because, since he did not venture to say that “the girl” did not live, I felt no concern at his indignation.

All the other stories were serialized. The “Typhoon” appeared in the early numbers of the Pall Mall Magazine, then under the direction of the late Mr. Halkett. It was on that occasion, too, that I saw for the first time my conceptions rendered by an artist in another medium. Mr. Maurice Grieffenhagen knew how to combine in his illustrations the effect of his own most distinguished personal vision with an absolute fidelity to the inspiration of the writer. “Amy Foster” was published in The Illustrated London News with a fine drawing of Amy on her day out giving tea to the children at her home, in a hat with a big feather. “To-morrow” appeared first in the Pall Mall Magazine. Of that story I will only say that it struck many people by its adaptability to the stage and that I was induced to dramatize it under the title of “One Day More”; up to the present my only effort in that direction. I may also add that each of the four stories on their appearance in book form was picked out on various grounds as the “best of the lot” by different critics, who reviewed the volume with a warmth of appreciation and understanding, a sympathetic insight and a friendliness of expression for which I cannot be sufficiently grateful.

1919. J. C.





TYPHOON







I

Captain MacWhirr, of the steamer Nan-Shan, had a physiognomy that, in the order of material appearances, was the exact counterpart of his mind: it presented no marked characteristics of firmness or stupidity; it had no pronounced characteristics whatever; it was simply ordinary, irresponsive, and unruffled.

The only thing his aspect might have been said to suggest, at times, was bashfulness; because he would sit, in business offices ashore, sunburnt and smiling faintly, with downcast eyes. When he raised them, they were perceived to be direct in their glance and of blue colour. His hair was fair and extremely fine, clasping from temple to temple the bald dome of his skull in a clamp as of fluffy silk. The hair of his face, on the contrary, carroty and flaming, resembled a growth of copper wire clipped short to the line of the lip; while, no matter how close he shaved, fiery metallic gleams passed, when he moved his head, over the surface of his cheeks. He was rather below the medium height, a bit round-shouldered, and so sturdy of limb that his clothes always looked a shade too tight for his arms and legs. As if unable to grasp what is due to the difference of latitudes, he wore a brown bowler hat, a complete suit of a brownish hue, and clumsy black boots. These harbour togs gave to his thick figure an air of stiff and uncouth smartness. A thin silver watch chain looped his waistcoat, and he never left his ship for the shore without clutching in his powerful, hairy fist an elegant umbrella of the very best quality, but generally unrolled. Young Jukes, the chief mate, attending his commander to the gangway, would sometimes venture to say, with the greatest gentleness, “Allow me, sir”—and possessing himself of the umbrella deferentially, would elevate the ferule, shake the folds, twirl a neat furl in a jiffy, and hand it back; going through the performance with a face of such portentous gravity, that Mr. Solomon Rout, the chief engineer, smoking his morning cigar over the skylight, would turn away his head in order to hide a smile. “Oh! aye! The blessed gamp. . . . Thank 'ee, Jukes, thank 'ee,” would mutter Captain MacWhirr, heartily, without looking up.

Having just enough imagination to carry him through each successive day, and no more, he was tranquilly sure of himself; and from the very same cause he was not in the least conceited. It is your imaginative superior who is touchy, overbearing, and difficult to please; but every ship Captain MacWhirr commanded was the floating abode of harmony and peace. It was, in truth, as impossible for him to take a flight of fancy as it would be for a watchmaker to put together a chronometer with nothing except a two-pound hammer and a whip-saw in the way of tools. Yet the uninteresting lives of men so entirely given to the actuality of the bare existence have their mysterious side. It was impossible in Captain MacWhirr's case, for instance, to understand what under heaven could have induced that perfectly satisfactory son of a petty grocer in Belfast to run away to sea. And yet he had done that very thing at the age of fifteen. It was enough, when you thought it over, to give you the idea of an immense, potent, and invisible hand thrust into the ant-heap of the earth, laying hold of shoulders, knocking heads together, and setting the unconscious faces of the multitude towards inconceivable goals and in undreamt-of directions.

His father never really forgave him for this undutiful stupidity. “We could have got on without him,” he used to say later on, “but there's the business. And he an only son, too!” His mother wept very much after his disappearance. As it had never occurred to him to leave word behind, he was mourned over for dead till, after eight months, his first letter arrived from Talcahuano. It was short, and contained the statement: “We had very fine weather on our passage out.” But evidently, in the writer's mind, the only important intelligence was to the effect that his captain had, on the very day of writing, entered him regularly on the ship's articles as Ordinary Seaman. “Because I can do the work,” he explained. The mother again wept copiously, while the remark, “Tom's an ass,” expressed the emotions of the father. He was a corpulent man, with a gift for sly chaffing, which to the end of his life he exercised in his intercourse with his son, a little pityingly, as if upon a half-witted person.

MacWhirr's visits to his home were necessarily rare, and in the course of years he despatched other letters to his parents, informing them of his successive promotions and of his movements upon the vast earth. In these missives could be found sentences like this: “The heat here is very great.” Or: “On Christmas day at 4 P. M. we fell in with some icebergs.” The old people ultimately became acquainted with a good many names of ships, and with the names of the skippers who commanded them—with the names of Scots and English shipowners—with the names of seas, oceans, straits, promontories—with outlandish names of lumber-ports, of rice-ports, of cotton-ports—with the names of islands—with the name of their son's young woman. She was called Lucy. It did not suggest itself to him to mention whether he thought the name pretty. And then they died.

The great day of MacWhirr's marriage came in due course, following shortly upon the great day when he got his first command.

All these events had taken place many years before the morning when, in the chart-room of the steamer Nan-Shan, he stood confronted by the fall of a barometer he had no reason to distrust. The fall—taking into account the excellence of the instrument, the time of the year, and the ship's position on the terrestrial globe—was of a nature ominously prophetic; but the red face of the man betrayed no sort of inward disturbance. Omens were as nothing to him, and he was unable to discover the message of a prophecy till the fulfilment had brought it home to his very door. “That's a fall, and no mistake,” he thought. “There must be some uncommonly dirty weather knocking about.”

The Nan-Shan was on her way from the southward to the treaty port of Fu-chau, with some cargo in her lower holds, and two hundred Chinese coolies returning to their village homes in the province of Fo-kien, after a few years of work in various tropical colonies. The morning was fine, the oily sea heaved without a sparkle, and there was a queer white misty patch in the sky like a halo of the sun. The fore-deck, packed with Chinamen, was full of sombre clothing, yellow faces, and pigtails, sprinkled over with a good many naked shoulders, for there was no wind, and the heat was close. The coolies lounged, talked, smoked, or stared over the rail; some, drawing water over the side, sluiced each other; a few slept on hatches, while several small parties of six sat on their heels surrounding iron trays with plates of rice and tiny teacups; and every single Celestial of them was carrying with him all he had in the world—a wooden chest with a ringing lock and brass on the corners, containing the savings of his labours: some clothes of ceremony, sticks of incense, a little opium maybe, bits of nameless rubbish of conventional value, and a small hoard of silver dollars, toiled for in coal lighters, won in gambling-houses or in petty trading, grubbed out of earth, sweated out in mines, on railway lines, in deadly jungle, under heavy burdens—amassed patiently, guarded with care, cherished fiercely.

A cross swell had set in from the direction of Formosa Channel about ten o'clock, without disturbing these passengers much, because the Nan-Shan, with her flat bottom, rolling chocks on bilges, and great breadth of beam, had the reputation of an exceptionally steady ship in a sea-way. Mr. Jukes, in moments of expansion on shore, would proclaim loudly that the “old girl was as good as she was pretty.” It would never have occurred to Captain MacWhirr to express his favourable opinion so loud or in terms so fanciful.

She was a good ship, undoubtedly, and not old either. She had been built in Dumbarton less than three years before, to the order of a firm of merchants in Siam—Messrs. Sigg and Son. When she lay afloat, finished in every detail and ready to take up the work of her life, the builders contemplated her with pride.

“Sigg has asked us for a reliable skipper to take her out,” remarked one of the partners; and the other, after reflecting for a while, said: “I think MacWhirr is ashore just at present.” “Is he? Then wire him at once. He's the very man,” declared the senior, without a moment's hesitation.

Next morning MacWhirr stood before them unperturbed, having travelled from London by the midnight express after a sudden but undemonstrative parting with his wife. She was the daughter of a superior couple who had seen better days.

“We had better be going together over the ship, Captain,” said the senior partner; and the three men started to view the perfections of the Nan-Shan from stem to stern, and from her keelson to the trucks of her two stumpy pole-masts.

Captain MacWhirr had begun by taking off his coat, which he hung on the end of a steam windless embodying all the latest improvements.

“My uncle wrote of you favourably by yesterday's mail to our good friends—Messrs. Sigg, you know—and doubtless they'll continue you out there in command,” said the junior partner. “You'll be able to boast of being in charge of the handiest boat of her size on the coast of China, Captain,” he added.

“Have you? Thank 'ee,” mumbled vaguely MacWhirr, to whom the view of a distant eventuality could appeal no more than the beauty of a wide landscape to a purblind tourist; and his eyes happening at the moment to be at rest upon the lock of the cabin door, he walked up to it, full of purpose, and began to rattle the handle vigorously, while he observed, in his low, earnest voice, “You can't trust the workmen nowadays. A brand-new lock, and it won't act at all. Stuck fast. See? See?”

As soon as they found themselves alone in their office across the yard: “You praised that fellow up to Sigg. What is it you see in him?” asked the nephew, with faint contempt.

“I admit he has nothing of your fancy skipper about him, if that's what you mean,” said the elder man, curtly. “Is the foreman of the joiners on the Nan-Shan outside? . . . Come in, Bates. How is it that you let Tait's people put us off with a defective lock on the cabin door? The Captain could see directly he set eye on it. Have it replaced at once. The little straws, Bates . . . the little straws. . . .”

The lock was replaced accordingly, and a few days afterwards the Nan-Shan steamed out to the East, without MacWhirr having offered any further remark as to her fittings, or having been heard to utter a single word hinting at pride in his ship, gratitude for his appointment, or satisfaction at his prospects.

With a temperament neither loquacious nor taciturn he found very little occasion to talk. There were matters of duty, of course—directions, orders, and so on; but the past being to his mind done with, and the future not there yet, the more general actualities of the day required no comment—because facts can speak for themselves with overwhelming precision.

Old Mr. Sigg liked a man of few words, and one that “you could be sure would not try to improve upon his instructions.” MacWhirr satisfying these requirements, was continued in command of the Nan-Shan, and applied himself to the careful navigation of his ship in the China seas. She had come out on a British register, but after some time Messrs. Sigg judged it expedient to transfer her to the Siamese flag.

At the news of the contemplated transfer Jukes grew restless, as if under a sense of personal affront. He went about grumbling to himself, and uttering short scornful laughs. “Fancy having a ridiculous Noah's Ark elephant in the ensign of one's ship,” he said once at the engine-room door. “Dash me if I can stand it: I'll throw up the billet. Don't it make you sick, Mr. Rout?” The chief engineer only cleared his throat with the air of a man who knows the value of a good billet.

The first morning the new flag floated over the stern of the Nan-Shan Jukes stood looking at it bitterly from the bridge. He struggled with his feelings for a while, and then remarked, “Queer flag for a man to sail under, sir.”

“What's the matter with the flag?” inquired Captain MacWhirr. “Seems all right to me.” And he walked across to the end of the bridge to have a good look.

“Well, it looks queer to me,” burst out Jukes, greatly exasperated, and flung off the bridge.

Captain MacWhirr was amazed at these manners. After a while he stepped quietly into the chart-room, and opened his International Signal Code-book at the plate where the flags of all the nations are correctly figured in gaudy rows. He ran his finger over them, and when he came to Siam he contemplated with great attention the red field and the white elephant. Nothing could be more simple; but to make sure he brought the book out on the bridge for the purpose of comparing the coloured drawing with the real thing at the flagstaff astern. When next Jukes, who was carrying on the duty that day with a sort of suppressed fierceness, happened on the bridge, his commander observed:

“There's nothing amiss with that flag.”

“Isn't there?” mumbled Jukes, falling on his knees before a deck-locker and jerking therefrom viciously a spare lead-line.

“No. I looked up the book. Length twice the breadth and the elephant exactly in the middle. I thought the people ashore would know how to make the local flag. Stands to reason. You were wrong, Jukes. . . .”

“Well, sir,” began Jukes, getting up excitedly, “all I can say—” He fumbled for the end of the coil of line with trembling hands.

“That's all right.” Captain MacWhirr soothed him, sitting heavily on a little canvas folding-stool he greatly affected. “All you have to do is to take care they don't hoist the elephant upside-down before they get quite used to it.”

Jukes flung the new lead-line over on the fore-deck with a loud “Here you are, bo'ss'en—don't forget to wet it thoroughly,” and turned with immense resolution towards his commander; but Captain MacWhirr spread his elbows on the bridge-rail comfortably.

“Because it would be, I suppose, understood as a signal of distress,” he went on. “What do you think? That elephant there, I take it, stands for something in the nature of the Union Jack in the flag. . . .”

“Does it!” yelled Jukes, so that every head on the Nan-Shan's decks looked towards the bridge. Then he sighed, and with sudden resignation: “It would certainly be a dam' distressful sight,” he said, meekly.

Later in the day he accosted the chief engineer with a confidential, “Here, let me tell you the old man's latest.”

Mr. Solomon Rout (frequently alluded to as Long Sol, Old Sol, or Father Rout), from finding himself almost invariably the tallest man on board every ship he joined, had acquired the habit of a stooping, leisurely condescension. His hair was scant and sandy, his flat cheeks were pale, his bony wrists and long scholarly hands were pale, too, as though he had lived all his life in the shade.

He smiled from on high at Jukes, and went on smoking and glancing about quietly, in the manner of a kind uncle lending an ear to the tale of an excited schoolboy. Then, greatly amused but impassive, he asked:

“And did you throw up the billet?”

“No,” cried Jukes, raising a weary, discouraged voice above the harsh buzz of the Nan-Shan's friction winches. All of them were hard at work, snatching slings of cargo, high up, to the end of long derricks, only, as it seemed, to let them rip down recklessly by the run. The cargo chains groaned in the gins, clinked on coamings, rattled over the side; and the whole ship quivered, with her long gray flanks smoking in wreaths of steam. “No,” cried Jukes, “I didn't. What's the good? I might just as well fling my resignation at this bulkhead. I don't believe you can make a man like that understand anything. He simply knocks me over.”

At that moment Captain MacWhirr, back from the shore, crossed the deck, umbrella in hand, escorted by a mournful, self-possessed Chinaman, walking behind in paper-soled silk shoes, and who also carried an umbrella.

The master of the Nan-Shan, speaking just audibly and gazing at his boots as his manner was, remarked that it would be necessary to call at Fu-chau this trip, and desired Mr. Rout to have steam up to-morrow afternoon at one o'clock sharp. He pushed back his hat to wipe his forehead, observing at the same time that he hated going ashore anyhow; while overtopping him Mr. Rout, without deigning a word, smoked austerely, nursing his right elbow in the palm of his left hand. Then Jukes was directed in the same subdued voice to keep the forward 'tween-deck clear of cargo. Two hundred coolies were going to be put down there. The Bun Hin Company were sending that lot home. Twenty-five bags of rice would be coming off in a sampan directly, for stores. All seven-years'-men they were, said Captain MacWhirr, with a camphor-wood chest to every man. The carpenter should be set to work nailing three-inch battens along the deck below, fore and aft, to keep these boxes from shifting in a sea-way. Jukes had better look to it at once. “D'ye hear, Jukes?” This chinaman here was coming with the ship as far as Fu-chau—a sort of interpreter he would be. Bun Hin's clerk he was, and wanted to have a look at the space. Jukes had better take him forward. “D'ye hear, Jukes?”

Jukes took care to punctuate these instructions in proper places with the obligatory “Yes, sir,” ejaculated without enthusiasm. His brusque “Come along, John; make look see” set the Chinaman in motion at his heels.

“Wanchee look see, all same look see can do,” said Jukes, who having no talent for foreign languages mangled the very pidgin-English cruelly. He pointed at the open hatch. “Catchee number one piecie place to sleep in. Eh?”

He was gruff, as became his racial superiority, but not unfriendly. The Chinaman, gazing sad and speechless into the darkness of the hatchway, seemed to stand at the head of a yawning grave.

“No catchee rain down there—savee?” pointed out Jukes. “Suppose all'ee same fine weather, one piecie coolie-man come topside,” he pursued, warming up imaginatively. “Make so—Phooooo!” He expanded his chest and blew out his cheeks. “Savee, John? Breathe—fresh air. Good. Eh? Washee him piecie pants, chow-chow top-side—see, John?”

With his mouth and hands he made exuberant motions of eating rice and washing clothes; and the Chinaman, who concealed his distrust of this pantomime under a collected demeanour tinged by a gentle and refined melancholy, glanced out of his almond eyes from Jukes to the hatch and back again. “Velly good,” he murmured, in a disconsolate undertone, and hastened smoothly along the decks, dodging obstacles in his course. He disappeared, ducking low under a sling of ten dirty gunny-bags full of some costly merchandise and exhaling a repulsive smell.

Captain MacWhirr meantime had gone on the bridge, and into the chart-room, where a letter, commenced two days before, awaited termination. These long letters began with the words, “My darling wife,” and the steward, between the scrubbing of the floors and the dusting of chronometer-boxes, snatched at every opportunity to read them. They interested him much more than they possibly could the woman for whose eye they were intended; and this for the reason that they related in minute detail each successive trip of the Nan-Shan.

Her master, faithful to facts, which alone his consciousness reflected, would set them down with painstaking care upon many pages. The house in a northern suburb to which these pages were addressed had a bit of garden before the bow-windows, a deep porch of good appearance, coloured glass with imitation lead frame in the front door. He paid five-and-forty pounds a year for it, and did not think the rent too high, because Mrs. MacWhirr (a pretentious person with a scraggy neck and a disdainful manner) was admittedly ladylike, and in the neighbourhood considered as “quite superior.” The only secret of her life was her abject terror of the time when her husband would come home to stay for good. Under the same roof there dwelt also a daughter called Lydia and a son, Tom. These two were but slightly acquainted with their father. Mainly, they knew him as a rare but privileged visitor, who of an evening smoked his pipe in the dining-room and slept in the house. The lanky girl, upon the whole, was rather ashamed of him; the boy was frankly and utterly indifferent in a straightforward, delightful, unaffected way manly boys have.

And Captain MacWhirr wrote home from the coast of China twelve times every year, desiring quaintly to be “remembered to the children,” and subscribing himself “your loving husband,” as calmly as if the words so long used by so many men were, apart from their shape, worn-out things, and of a faded meaning.

The China seas north and south are narrow seas. They are seas full of every-day, eloquent facts, such as islands, sand-banks, reefs, swift and changeable currents—tangled facts that nevertheless speak to a seaman in clear and definite language. Their speech appealed to Captain MacWhirr's sense of realities so forcibly that he had given up his state-room below and practically lived all his days on the bridge of his ship, often having his meals sent up, and sleeping at night in the chart-room. And he indited there his home letters. Each of them, without exception, contained the phrase, “The weather has been very fine this trip,” or some other form of a statement to that effect. And this statement, too, in its wonderful persistence, was of the same perfect accuracy as all the others they contained.

Mr. Rout likewise wrote letters; only no one on board knew how chatty he could be pen in hand, because the chief engineer had enough imagination to keep his desk locked. His wife relished his style greatly. They were a childless couple, and Mrs. Rout, a big, high-bosomed, jolly woman of forty, shared with Mr. Rout's toothless and venerable mother a little cottage near Teddington. She would run over her correspondence, at breakfast, with lively eyes, and scream out interesting passages in a joyous voice at the deaf old lady, prefacing each extract by the warning shout, “Solomon says!” She had the trick of firing off Solomon's utterances also upon strangers, astonishing them easily by the unfamiliar text and the unexpectedly jocular vein of these quotations. On the day the new curate called for the first time at the cottage, she found occasion to remark, “As Solomon says: 'the engineers that go down to the sea in ships behold the wonders of sailor nature';” when a change in the visitor's countenance made her stop and stare.

“Solomon. . . . Oh! . . . Mrs. Rout,” stuttered the young man, very red in the face, “I must say . . . I don't. . . .”

“He's my husband,” she announced in a great shout, throwing herself back in the chair. Perceiving the joke, she laughed immoderately with a handkerchief to her eyes, while he sat wearing a forced smile, and, from his inexperience of jolly women, fully persuaded that she must be deplorably insane. They were excellent friends afterwards; for, absolving her from irreverent intention, he came to think she was a very worthy person indeed; and he learned in time to receive without flinching other scraps of Solomon's wisdom.

“For my part,” Solomon was reported by his wife to have said once, “give me the dullest ass for a skipper before a rogue. There is a way to take a fool; but a rogue is smart and slippery.” This was an airy generalization drawn from the particular case of Captain MacWhirr's honesty, which, in itself, had the heavy obviousness of a lump of clay. On the other hand, Mr. Jukes, unable to generalize, unmarried, and unengaged, was in the habit of opening his heart after another fashion to an old chum and former shipmate, actually serving as second officer on board an Atlantic liner.

First of all he would insist upon the advantages of the Eastern trade, hinting at its superiority to the Western ocean service. He extolled the sky, the seas, the ships, and the easy life of the Far East. The Nan-Shan, he affirmed, was second to none as a sea-boat.

“We have no brass-bound uniforms, but then we are like brothers here,” he wrote. “We all mess together and live like fighting-cocks. . . . All the chaps of the black-squad are as decent as they make that kind, and old Sol, the Chief, is a dry stick. We are good friends. As to our old man, you could not find a quieter skipper. Sometimes you would think he hadn't sense enough to see anything wrong. And yet it isn't that. Can't be. He has been in command for a good few years now. He doesn't do anything actually foolish, and gets his ship along all right without worrying anybody. I believe he hasn't brains enough to enjoy kicking up a row. I don't take advantage of him. I would scorn it. Outside the routine of duty he doesn't seem to understand more than half of what you tell him. We get a laugh out of this at times; but it is dull, too, to be with a man like this—in the long-run. Old Sol says he hasn't much conversation. Conversation! O Lord! He never talks. The other day I had been yarning under the bridge with one of the engineers, and he must have heard us. When I came up to take my watch, he steps out of the chart-room and has a good look all round, peeps over at the sidelights, glances at the compass, squints upward at the stars. That's his regular performance. By-and-by he says: 'Was that you talking just now in the port alleyway?' 'Yes, sir.' 'With the third engineer?' 'Yes, sir.' He walks off to starboard, and sits under the dodger on a little campstool of his, and for half an hour perhaps he makes no sound, except that I heard him sneeze once. Then after a while I hear him getting up over there, and he strolls across to port, where I was. 'I can't understand what you can find to talk about,' says he. 'Two solid hours. I am not blaming you. I see people ashore at it all day long, and then in the evening they sit down and keep at it over the drinks. Must be saying the same things over and over again. I can't understand.'

“Did you ever hear anything like that? And he was so patient about it. It made me quite sorry for him. But he is exasperating, too, sometimes. Of course one would not do anything to vex him even if it were worth while. But it isn't. He's so jolly innocent that if you were to put your thumb to your nose and wave your fingers at him he would only wonder gravely to himself what got into you. He told me once quite simply that he found it very difficult to make out what made people always act so queerly. He's too dense to trouble about, and that's the truth.”

Thus wrote Mr. Jukes to his chum in the Western ocean trade, out of the fulness of his heart and the liveliness of his fancy.

He had expressed his honest opinion. It was not worthwhile trying to impress a man of that sort. If the world had been full of such men, life would have probably appeared to Jukes an unentertaining and unprofitable business. He was not alone in his opinion. The sea itself, as if sharing Mr. Jukes' good-natured forbearance, had never put itself out to startle the silent man, who seldom looked up, and wandered innocently over the waters with the only visible purpose of getting food, raiment, and house-room for three people ashore. Dirty weather he had known, of course. He had been made wet, uncomfortable, tired in the usual way, felt at the time and presently forgotten. So that upon the whole he had been justified in reporting fine weather at home. But he had never been given a glimpse of immeasurable strength and of immoderate wrath, the wrath that passes exhausted but never appeased—the wrath and fury of the passionate sea. He knew it existed, as we know that crime and abominations exist; he had heard of it as a peaceable citizen in a town hears of battles, famines, and floods, and yet knows nothing of what these things mean—though, indeed, he may have been mixed up in a street row, have gone without his dinner once, or been soaked to the skin in a shower. Captain MacWhirr had sailed over the surface of the oceans as some men go skimming over the years of existence to sink gently into a placid grave, ignorant of life to the last, without ever having been made to see all it may contain of perfidy, of violence, and of terror. There are on sea and land such men thus fortunate—or thus disdained by destiny or by the sea.







II

Observing the steady fall of the barometer, Captain MacWhirr thought, “There's some dirty weather knocking about.” This is precisely what he thought. He had had an experience of moderately dirty weather—the term dirty as applied to the weather implying only moderate discomfort to the seaman. Had he been informed by an indisputable authority that the end of the world was to be finally accomplished by a catastrophic disturbance of the atmosphere, he would have assimilated the information under the simple idea of dirty weather, and no other, because he had no experience of cataclysms, and belief does not necessarily imply comprehension. The wisdom of his country had pronounced by means of an Act of Parliament that before he could be considered as fit to take charge of a ship he should be able to answer certain simple questions on the subject of circular storms such as hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons; and apparently he had answered them, since he was now in command of the Nan-Shan in the China seas during the season of typhoons. But if he had answered he remembered nothing of it. He was, however, conscious of being made uncomfortable by the clammy heat. He came out on the bridge, and found no relief to this oppression. The air seemed thick. He gasped like a fish, and began to believe himself greatly out of sorts.

The Nan-Shan was ploughing a vanishing furrow upon the circle of the sea that had the surface and the shimmer of an undulating piece of gray silk. The sun, pale and without rays, poured down leaden heat in a strangely indecisive light, and the Chinamen were lying prostrate about the decks. Their bloodless, pinched, yellow faces were like the faces of bilious invalids. Captain MacWhirr noticed two of them especially, stretched out on their backs below the bridge. As soon as they had closed their eyes they seemed dead. Three others, however, were quarrelling barbarously away forward; and one big fellow, half naked, with herculean shoulders, was hanging limply over a winch; another, sitting on the deck, his knees up and his head drooping sideways in a girlish attitude, was plaiting his pigtail with infinite languor depicted in his whole person and in the very movement of his fingers. The smoke struggled with difficulty out of the funnel, and instead of streaming away spread itself out like an infernal sort of cloud, smelling of sulphur and raining soot all over the decks.

“What the devil are you doing there, Mr. Jukes?” asked Captain MacWhirr.

This unusual form of address, though mumbled rather than spoken, caused the body of Mr. Jukes to start as though it had been prodded under the fifth rib. He had had a low bench brought on the bridge, and sitting on it, with a length of rope curled about his feet and a piece of canvas stretched over his knees, was pushing a sail-needle vigorously. He looked up, and his surprise gave to his eyes an expression of innocence and candour.

“I am only roping some of that new set of bags we made last trip for whipping up coals,” he remonstrated, gently. “We shall want them for the next coaling, sir.”

“What became of the others?”

“Why, worn out of course, sir.”

Captain MacWhirr, after glaring down irresolutely at his chief mate, disclosed the gloomy and cynical conviction that more than half of them had been lost overboard, “if only the truth was known,” and retired to the other end of the bridge. Jukes, exasperated by this unprovoked attack, broke the needle at the second stitch, and dropping his work got up and cursed the heat in a violent undertone.

The propeller thumped, the three Chinamen forward had given up squabbling very suddenly, and the one who had been plaiting his tail clasped his legs and stared dejectedly over his knees. The lurid sunshine cast faint and sickly shadows. The swell ran higher and swifter every moment, and the ship lurched heavily in the smooth, deep hollows of the sea.

“I wonder where that beastly swell comes from,” said Jukes aloud, recovering himself after a stagger.

“North-east,” grunted the literal MacWhirr, from his side of the bridge. “There's some dirty weather knocking about. Go and look at the glass.”

When Jukes came out of the chart-room, the cast of his countenance had changed to thoughtfulness and concern. He caught hold of the bridge-rail and stared ahead.

The temperature in the engine-room had gone up to a hundred and seventeen degrees. Irritated voices were ascending through the skylight and through the fiddle of the stokehold in a harsh and resonant uproar, mingled with angry clangs and scrapes of metal, as if men with limbs of iron and throats of bronze had been quarrelling down there. The second engineer was falling foul of the stokers for letting the steam go down. He was a man with arms like a blacksmith, and generally feared; but that afternoon the stokers were answering him back recklessly, and slammed the furnace doors with the fury of despair. Then the noise ceased suddenly, and the second engineer appeared, emerging out of the stokehold streaked with grime and soaking wet like a chimney-sweep coming out of a well. As soon as his head was clear of the fiddle he began to scold Jukes for not trimming properly the stokehold ventilators; and in answer Jukes made with his hands deprecatory soothing signs meaning: “No wind—can't be helped—you can see for yourself.” But the other wouldn't hear reason. His teeth flashed angrily in his dirty face. He didn't mind, he said, the trouble of punching their blanked heads down there, blank his soul, but did the condemned sailors think you could keep steam up in the God-forsaken boilers simply by knocking the blanked stokers about? No, by George! You had to get some draught, too—may he be everlastingly blanked for a swab-headed deck-hand if you didn't! And the chief, too, rampaging before the steam-gauge and carrying on like a lunatic up and down the engine-room ever since noon. What did Jukes think he was stuck up there for, if he couldn't get one of his decayed, good-for-nothing deck-cripples to turn the ventilators to the wind?

The relations of the “engine-room” and the “deck” of the Nan-Shan were, as is known, of a brotherly nature; therefore Jukes leaned over and begged the other in a restrained tone not to make a disgusting ass of himself; the skipper was on the other side of the bridge. But the second declared mutinously that he didn't care a rap who was on the other side of the bridge, and Jukes, passing in a flash from lofty disapproval into a state of exaltation, invited him in unflattering terms to come up and twist the beastly things to please himself, and catch such wind as a donkey of his sort could find. The second rushed up to the fray. He flung himself at the port ventilator as though he meant to tear it out bodily and toss it overboard. All he did was to move the cowl round a few inches, with an enormous expenditure of force, and seemed spent in the effort. He leaned against the back of the wheelhouse, and Jukes walked up to him.

“Oh, Heavens!” ejaculated the engineer in a feeble voice. He lifted his eyes to the sky, and then let his glassy stare descend to meet the horizon that, tilting up to an angle of forty degrees, seemed to hang on a slant for a while and settled down slowly. “Heavens! Phew! What's up, anyhow?”

Jukes, straddling his long legs like a pair of compasses, put on an air of superiority. “We're going to catch it this time,” he said. “The barometer is tumbling down like anything, Harry. And you trying to kick up that silly row. . . .”

The word “barometer” seemed to revive the second engineer's mad animosity. Collecting afresh all his energies, he directed Jukes in a low and brutal tone to shove the unmentionable instrument down his gory throat. Who cared for his crimson barometer? It was the steam—the steam—that was going down; and what between the firemen going faint and the chief going silly, it was worse than a dog's life for him; he didn't care a tinker's curse how soon the whole show was blown out of the water. He seemed on the point of having a cry, but after regaining his breath he muttered darkly, “I'll faint them,” and dashed off. He stopped upon the fiddle long enough to shake his fist at the unnatural daylight, and dropped into the dark hole with a whoop.

When Jukes turned, his eyes fell upon the rounded back and the big red ears of Captain MacWhirr, who had come across. He did not look at his chief officer, but said at once, “That's a very violent man, that second engineer.”

“Jolly good second, anyhow,” grunted Jukes. “They can't keep up steam,” he added, rapidly, and made a grab at the rail against the coming lurch.

Captain MacWhirr, unprepared, took a run and brought himself up with a jerk by an awning stanchion.

“A profane man,” he said, obstinately. “If this goes on, I'll have to get rid of him the first chance.”

“It's the heat,” said Jukes. “The weather's awful. It would make a saint swear. Even up here I feel exactly as if I had my head tied up in a woollen blanket.”

Captain MacWhirr looked up. “D'ye mean to say, Mr. Jukes, you ever had your head tied up in a blanket? What was that for?”

“It's a manner of speaking, sir,” said Jukes, stolidly.

“Some of you fellows do go on! What's that about saints swearing? I wish you wouldn't talk so wild. What sort of saint would that be that would swear? No more saint than yourself, I expect. And what's a blanket got to do with it—or the weather either. . . . The heat does not make me swear—does it? It's filthy bad temper. That's what it is. And what's the good of your talking like this?”

Thus Captain MacWhirr expostulated against the use of images in speech, and at the end electrified Jukes by a contemptuous snort, followed by words of passion and resentment: “Damme! I'll fire him out of the ship if he don't look out.”

And Jukes, incorrigible, thought: “Goodness me! Somebody's put a new inside to my old man. Here's temper, if you like. Of course it's the weather; what else? It would make an angel quarrelsome—let alone a saint.”

All the Chinamen on deck appeared at their last gasp.

At its setting the sun had a diminished diameter and an expiring brown, rayless glow, as if millions of centuries elapsing since the morning had brought it near its end. A dense bank of cloud became visible to the northward; it had a sinister dark olive tint, and lay low and motionless upon the sea, resembling a solid obstacle in the path of the ship. She went floundering towards it like an exhausted creature driven to its death. The coppery twilight retired slowly, and the darkness brought out overhead a swarm of unsteady, big stars, that, as if blown upon, flickered exceedingly and seemed to hang very near the earth. At eight o'clock Jukes went into the chart-room to write up the ship's log.

He copies neatly out of the rough-book the number of miles, the course of the ship, and in the column for “wind” scrawled the word “calm” from top to bottom of the eight hours since noon. He was exasperated by the continuous, monotonous rolling of the ship. The heavy inkstand would slide away in a manner that suggested perverse intelligence in dodging the pen. Having written in the large space under the head of “Remarks” “Heat very oppressive,” he stuck the end of the penholder in his teeth, pipe fashion, and mopped his face carefully.

“Ship rolling heavily in a high cross swell,” he began again, and commented to himself, “Heavily is no word for it.” Then he wrote: “Sunset threatening, with a low bank of clouds to N. and E. Sky clear overhead.”

Sprawling over the table with arrested pen, he glanced out of the door, and in that frame of his vision he saw all the stars flying upwards between the teakwood jambs on a black sky. The whole lot took flight together and disappeared, leaving only a blackness flecked with white flashes, for the sea was as black as the sky and speckled with foam afar. The stars that had flown to the roll came back on the return swing of the ship, rushing downwards in their glittering multitude, not of fiery points, but enlarged to tiny discs brilliant with a clear wet sheen.

Jukes watched the flying big stars for a moment, and then wrote: “8 P.M. Swell increasing. Ship labouring and taking water on her decks. Battened down the coolies for the night. Barometer still falling.” He paused, and thought to himself, “Perhaps nothing whatever'll come of it.” And then he closed resolutely his entries: “Every appearance of a typhoon coming on.”

On going out he had to stand aside, and Captain MacWhirr strode over the doorstep without saying a word or making a sign.

“Shut the door, Mr. Jukes, will you?” he cried from within.

Jukes turned back to do so, muttering ironically: “Afraid to catch cold, I suppose.” It was his watch below, but he yearned for communion with his kind; and he remarked cheerily to the second mate: “Doesn't look so bad, after all—does it?”

The second mate was marching to and fro on the bridge, tripping down with small steps one moment, and the next climbing with difficulty the shifting slope of the deck. At the sound of Jukes' voice he stood still, facing forward, but made no reply.

“Hallo! That's a heavy one,” said Jukes, swaying to meet the long roll till his lowered hand touched the planks. This time the second mate made in his throat a noise of an unfriendly nature.

He was an oldish, shabby little fellow, with bad teeth and no hair on his face. He had been shipped in a hurry in Shanghai, that trip when the second officer brought from home had delayed the ship three hours in port by contriving (in some manner Captain MacWhirr could never understand) to fall overboard into an empty coal-lighter lying alongside, and had to be sent ashore to the hospital with concussion of the brain and a broken limb or two.

Jukes was not discouraged by the unsympathetic sound. “The Chinamen must be having a lovely time of it down there,” he said. “It's lucky for them the old girl has the easiest roll of any ship I've ever been in. There now! This one wasn't so bad.”

“You wait,” snarled the second mate.

With his sharp nose, red at the tip, and his thin pinched lips, he always looked as though he were raging inwardly; and he was concise in his speech to the point of rudeness. All his time off duty he spent in his cabin with the door shut, keeping so still in there that he was supposed to fall asleep as soon as he had disappeared; but the man who came in to wake him for his watch on deck would invariably find him with his eyes wide open, flat on his back in the bunk, and glaring irritably from a soiled pillow. He never wrote any letters, did not seem to hope for news from anywhere; and though he had been heard once to mention West Hartlepool, it was with extreme bitterness, and only in connection with the extortionate charges of a boarding-house. He was one of those men who are picked up at need in the ports of the world. They are competent enough, appear hopelessly hard up, show no evidence of any sort of vice, and carry about them all the signs of manifest failure. They come aboard on an emergency, care for no ship afloat, live in their own atmosphere of casual connection amongst their shipmates who know nothing of them, and make up their minds to leave at inconvenient times. They clear out with no words of leavetaking in some God-forsaken port other men would fear to be stranded in, and go ashore in company of a shabby sea-chest, corded like a treasure-box, and with an air of shaking the ship's dust off their feet.

“You wait,” he repeated, balanced in great swings with his back to Jukes, motionless and implacable.

“Do you mean to say we are going to catch it hot?” asked Jukes with boyish interest.

“Say? . . . I say nothing. You don't catch me,” snapped the little second mate, with a mixture of pride, scorn, and cunning, as if Jukes' question had been a trap cleverly detected. “Oh, no! None of you here shall make a fool of me if I know it,” he mumbled to himself.

Jukes reflected rapidly that this second mate was a mean little beast, and in his heart he wished poor Jack Allen had never smashed himself up in the coal-lighter. The far-off blackness ahead of the ship was like another night seen through the starry night of the earth—the starless night of the immensities beyond the created universe, revealed in its appalling stillness through a low fissure in the glittering sphere of which the earth is the kernel.

“Whatever there might be about,” said Jukes, “we are steaming straight into it.”

“You've said it,” caught up the second mate, always with his back to Jukes. “You've said it, mind—not I.”

“Oh, go to Jericho!” said Jukes, frankly; and the other emitted a triumphant little chuckle.

“You've said it,” he repeated.

“And what of that?”

“I've known some real good men get into trouble with their skippers for saying a dam' sight less,” answered the second mate feverishly. “Oh, no! You don't catch me.”

“You seem deucedly anxious not to give yourself away,” said Jukes, completely soured by such absurdity. “I wouldn't be afraid to say what I think.”

“Aye, to me! That's no great trick. I am nobody, and well I know it.”

The ship, after a pause of comparative steadiness, started upon a series of rolls, one worse than the other, and for a time Jukes, preserving his equilibrium, was too busy to open his mouth. As soon as the violent swinging had quieted down somewhat, he said: “This is a bit too much of a good thing. Whether anything is coming or not I think she ought to be put head on to that swell. The old man is just gone in to lie down. Hang me if I don't speak to him.”

But when he opened the door of the chart-room he saw his captain reading a book. Captain MacWhirr was not lying down: he was standing up with one hand grasping the edge of the bookshelf and the other holding open before his face a thick volume. The lamp wriggled in the gimbals, the loosened books toppled from side to side on the shelf, the long barometer swung in jerky circles, the table altered its slant every moment. In the midst of all this stir and movement Captain MacWhirr, holding on, showed his eyes above the upper edge, and asked, “What's the matter?”

“Swell getting worse, sir.”

“Noticed that in here,” muttered Captain MacWhirr. “Anything wrong?”

Jukes, inwardly disconcerted by the seriousness of the eyes looking at him over the top of the book, produced an embarrassed grin.

“Rolling like old boots,” he said, sheepishly.

“Aye! Very heavy—very heavy. What do you want?”

At this Jukes lost his footing and began to flounder. “I was thinking of our passengers,” he said, in the manner of a man clutching at a straw.

“Passengers?” wondered the Captain, gravely. “What passengers?”

“Why, the Chinamen, sir,” explained Jukes, very sick of this conversation.

“The Chinamen! Why don't you speak plainly? Couldn't tell what you meant. Never heard a lot of coolies spoken of as passengers before. Passengers, indeed! What's come to you?”

Captain MacWhirr, closing the book on his forefinger, lowered his arm and looked completely mystified. “Why are you thinking of the Chinamen, Mr. Jukes?” he inquired.

Jukes took a plunge, like a man driven to it. “She's rolling her decks full of water, sir. Thought you might put her head on perhaps—for a while. Till this goes down a bit—very soon, I dare say. Head to the eastward. I never knew a ship roll like this.”

He held on in the doorway, and Captain MacWhirr, feeling his grip on the shelf inadequate, made up his mind to let go in a hurry, and fell heavily on the couch.

“Head to the eastward?” he said, struggling to sit up. “That's more than four points off her course.”

“Yes, sir. Fifty degrees. . . . Would just bring her head far enough round to meet this. . . .”

Captain MacWhirr was now sitting up. He had not dropped the book, and he had not lost his place.

“To the eastward?” he repeated, with dawning astonishment. “To the . . . Where do you think we are bound to? You want me to haul a full-powered steamship four points off her course to make the Chinamen comfortable! Now, I've heard more than enough of mad things done in the world—but this. . . . If I didn't know you, Jukes, I would think you were in liquor. Steer four points off. . . . And what afterwards? Steer four points over the other way, I suppose, to make the course good. What put it into your head that I would start to tack a steamer as if she were a sailing-ship?”

“Jolly good thing she isn't,” threw in Jukes, with bitter readiness. “She would have rolled every blessed stick out of her this afternoon.”

“Aye! And you just would have had to stand and see them go,” said Captain MacWhirr, showing a certain animation. “It's a dead calm, isn't it?”

“It is, sir. But there's something out of the common coming, for sure.”

“Maybe. I suppose you have a notion I should be getting out of the way of that dirt,” said Captain MacWhirr, speaking with the utmost simplicity of manner and tone, and fixing the oilcloth on the floor with a heavy stare. Thus he noticed neither Jukes' discomfiture nor the mixture of vexation and astonished respect on his face.

“Now, here's this book,” he continued with deliberation, slapping his thigh with the closed volume. “I've been reading the chapter on the storms there.”

This was true. He had been reading the chapter on the storms. When he had entered the chart-room, it was with no intention of taking the book down. Some influence in the air—the same influence, probably, that caused the steward to bring without orders the Captain's sea-boots and oilskin coat up to the chart-room—had as it were guided his hand to the shelf; and without taking the time to sit down he had waded with a conscious effort into the terminology of the subject. He lost himself amongst advancing semi-circles, left- and right-hand quadrants, the curves of the tracks, the probable bearing of the centre, the shifts of wind and the readings of barometer. He tried to bring all these things into a definite relation to himself, and ended by becoming contemptuously angry with such a lot of words, and with so much advice, all head-work and supposition, without a glimmer of certitude.

“It's the damnedest thing, Jukes,” he said. “If a fellow was to believe all that's in there, he would be running most of his time all over the sea trying to get behind the weather.”

Again he slapped his leg with the book; and Jukes opened his mouth, but said nothing.

“Running to get behind the weather! Do you understand that, Mr. Jukes? It's the maddest thing!” ejaculated Captain MacWhirr, with pauses, gazing at the floor profoundly. “You would think an old woman had been writing this. It passes me. If that thing means anything useful, then it means that I should at once alter the course away, away to the devil somewhere, and come booming down on Fu-chau from the northward at the tail of this dirty weather that's supposed to be knocking about in our way. From the north! Do you understand, Mr. Jukes? Three hundred extra miles to the distance, and a pretty coal bill to show. I couldn't bring myself to do that if every word in there was gospel truth, Mr. Jukes. Don't you expect me. . . .”

And Jukes, silent, marvelled at this display of feeling and loquacity.

“But the truth is that you don't know if the fellow is right, anyhow. How can you tell what a gale is made of till you get it? He isn't aboard here, is he? Very well. Here he says that the centre of them things bears eight points off the wind; but we haven't got any wind, for all the barometer falling. Where's his centre now?”

“We will get the wind presently,” mumbled Jukes.

“Let it come, then,” said Captain MacWhirr, with dignified indignation. “It's only to let you see, Mr. Jukes, that you don't find everything in books. All these rules for dodging breezes and circumventing the winds of heaven, Mr. Jukes, seem to me the maddest thing, when you come to look at it sensibly.”

He raised his eyes, saw Jukes gazing at him dubiously, and tried to illustrate his meaning.

“About as queer as your extraordinary notion of dodging the ship head to sea, for I don't know how long, to make the Chinamen comfortable; whereas all we've got to do is to take them to Fu-chau, being timed to get there before noon on Friday. If the weather delays me—very well. There's your log-book to talk straight about the weather. But suppose I went swinging off my course and came in two days late, and they asked me: 'Where have you been all that time, Captain?' What could I say to that? 'Went around to dodge the bad weather,' I would say. 'It must've been dam' bad,' they would say. 'Don't know,' I would have to say; 'I've dodged clear of it.' See that, Jukes? I have been thinking it all out this afternoon.”

He looked up again in his unseeing, unimaginative way. No one had ever heard him say so much at one time. Jukes, with his arms open in the doorway, was like a man invited to behold a miracle. Unbounded wonder was the intellectual meaning of his eye, while incredulity was seated in his whole countenance.

“A gale is a gale, Mr. Jukes,” resumed the Captain, “and a full-powered steam-ship has got to face it. There's just so much dirty weather knocking about the world, and the proper thing is to go through it with none of what old Captain Wilson of the Melita calls 'storm strategy.' The other day ashore I heard him hold forth about it to a lot of shipmasters who came in and sat at a table next to mine. It seemed to me the greatest nonsense. He was telling them how he outmanoeuvred, I think he said, a terrific gale, so that it never came nearer than fifty miles to him. A neat piece of head-work he called it. How he knew there was a terrific gale fifty miles off beats me altogether. It was like listening to a crazy man. I would have thought Captain Wilson was old enough to know better.”

Captain MacWhirr ceased for a moment, then said, “It's your watch below, Mr. Jukes?”

Jukes came to himself with a start. “Yes, sir.”

“Leave orders to call me at the slightest change,” said the Captain. He reached up to put the book away, and tucked his legs upon the couch. “Shut the door so that it don't fly open, will you? I can't stand a door banging. They've put a lot of rubbishy locks into this ship, I must say.”

Captain MacWhirr closed his eyes.

He did so to rest himself. He was tired, and he experienced that state of mental vacuity which comes at the end of an exhaustive discussion that has liberated some belief matured in the course of meditative years. He had indeed been making his confession of faith, had he only known it; and its effect was to make Jukes, on the other side of the door, stand scratching his head for a good while.

Captain MacWhirr opened his eyes.

He thought he must have been asleep. What was that loud noise? Wind? Why had he not been called? The lamp wriggled in its gimbals, the barometer swung in circles, the table altered its slant every moment; a pair of limp sea-boots with collapsed tops went sliding past the couch. He put out his hand instantly, and captured one.

Jukes' face appeared in a crack of the door: only his face, very red, with staring eyes. The flame of the lamp leaped, a piece of paper flew up, a rush of air enveloped Captain MacWhirr. Beginning to draw on the boot, he directed an expectant gaze at Jukes' swollen, excited features.

“Came on like this,” shouted Jukes, “five minutes ago . . . all of a sudden.”

The head disappeared with a bang, and a heavy splash and patter of drops swept past the closed door as if a pailful of melted lead had been flung against the house. A whistling could be heard now upon the deep vibrating noise outside. The stuffy chart-room seemed as full of draughts as a shed. Captain MacWhirr collared the other sea-boot on its violent passage along the floor. He was not flustered, but he could not find at once the opening for inserting his foot. The shoes he had flung off were scurrying from end to end of the cabin, gambolling playfully over each other like puppies. As soon as he stood up he kicked at them viciously, but without effect.

He threw himself into the attitude of a lunging fencer, to reach after his oilskin coat; and afterwards he staggered all over the confined space while he jerked himself into it. Very grave, straddling his legs far apart, and stretching his neck, he started to tie deliberately the strings of his sou'-wester under his chin, with thick fingers that trembled slightly. He went through all the movements of a woman putting on her bonnet before a glass, with a strained, listening attention, as though he had expected every moment to hear the shout of his name in the confused clamour that had suddenly beset his ship. Its increase filled his ears while he was getting ready to go out and confront whatever it might mean. It was tumultuous and very loud—made up of the rush of the wind, the crashes of the sea, with that prolonged deep vibration of the air, like the roll of an immense and remote drum beating the charge of the gale.

He stood for a moment in the light of the lamp, thick, clumsy, shapeless in his panoply of combat, vigilant and red-faced.

“There's a lot of weight in this,” he muttered.

As soon as he attempted to open the door the wind caught it. Clinging to the handle, he was dragged out over the doorstep, and at once found himself engaged with the wind in a sort of personal scuffle whose object was the shutting of that door. At the last moment a tongue of air scurried in and licked out the flame of the lamp.

Ahead of the ship he perceived a great darkness lying upon a multitude of white flashes; on the starboard beam a few amazing stars drooped, dim and fitful, above an immense waste of broken seas, as if seen through a mad drift of smoke.

On the bridge a knot of men, indistinct and toiling, were making great efforts in the light of the wheelhouse windows that shone mistily on their heads and backs. Suddenly darkness closed upon one pane, then on another. The voices of the lost group reached him after the manner of men's voices in a gale, in shreds and fragments of forlorn shouting snatched past the ear. All at once Jukes appeared at his side, yelling, with his head down.

“Watch—put in—wheelhouse shutters—glass—afraid—blow in.”

Jukes heard his commander upbraiding.

“This—come—anything—warning—call me.”

He tried to explain, with the uproar pressing on his lips.

“Light air—remained—bridge—sudden—north-east—could turn—thought—you—sure—hear.”

They had gained the shelter of the weather-cloth, and could converse with raised voices, as people quarrel.

“I got the hands along to cover up all the ventilators. Good job I had remained on deck. I didn't think you would be asleep, and so . . . What did you say, sir? What?”

“Nothing,” cried Captain MacWhirr. “I said—all right.”

“By all the powers! We've got it this time,” observed Jukes in a howl.

“You haven't altered her course?” inquired Captain MacWhirr, straining his voice.

“No, sir. Certainly not. Wind came out right ahead. And here comes the head sea.”

A plunge of the ship ended in a shock as if she had landed her forefoot upon something solid. After a moment of stillness a lofty flight of sprays drove hard with the wind upon their faces.

“Keep her at it as long as we can,” shouted Captain MacWhirr.

Before Jukes had squeezed the salt water out of his eyes all the stars had disappeared.







III

Jukes was as ready a man as any half-dozen young mates that may be caught by casting a net upon the waters; and though he had been somewhat taken aback by the startling viciousness of the first squall, he had pulled himself together on the instant, had called out the hands and had rushed them along to secure such openings about the deck as had not been already battened down earlier in the evening. Shouting in his fresh, stentorian voice, “Jump, boys, and bear a hand!” he led in the work, telling himself the while that he had “just expected this.”

But at the same time he was growing aware that this was rather more than he had expected. From the first stir of the air felt on his cheek the gale seemed to take upon itself the accumulated impetus of an avalanche. Heavy sprays enveloped the Nan-Shan from stem to stern, and instantly in the midst of her regular rolling she began to jerk and plunge as though she had gone mad with fright.

Jukes thought, “This is no joke.” While he was exchanging explanatory yells with his captain, a sudden lowering of the darkness came upon the night, falling before their vision like something palpable. It was as if the masked lights of the world had been turned down. Jukes was uncritically glad to have his captain at hand. It relieved him as though that man had, by simply coming on deck, taken most of the gale's weight upon his shoulders. Such is the prestige, the privilege, and the burden of command.

Captain MacWhirr could expect no relief of that sort from any one on earth. Such is the loneliness of command. He was trying to see, with that watchful manner of a seaman who stares into the wind's eye as if into the eye of an adversary, to penetrate the hidden intention and guess the aim and force of the thrust. The strong wind swept at him out of a vast obscurity; he felt under his feet the uneasiness of his ship, and he could not even discern the shadow of her shape. He wished it were not so; and very still he waited, feeling stricken by a blind man's helplessness.

To be silent was natural to him, dark or shine. Jukes, at his elbow, made himself heard yelling cheerily in the gusts, “We must have got the worst of it at once, sir.” A faint burst of lightning quivered all round, as if flashed into a cavern—into a black and secret chamber of the sea, with a floor of foaming crests.

It unveiled for a sinister, fluttering moment a ragged mass of clouds hanging low, the lurch of the long outlines of the ship, the black figures of men caught on the bridge, heads forward, as if petrified in the act of butting. The darkness palpitated down upon all this, and then the real thing came at last.

It was something formidable and swift, like the sudden smashing of a vial of wrath. It seemed to explode all round the ship with an overpowering concussion and a rush of great waters, as if an immense dam had been blown up to windward. In an instant the men lost touch of each other. This is the disintegrating power of a great wind: it isolates one from one's kind. An earthquake, a landslip, an avalanche, overtake a man incidentally, as it were—without passion. A furious gale attacks him like a personal enemy, tries to grasp his limbs, fastens upon his mind, seeks to rout his very spirit out of him.

Jukes was driven away from his commander. He fancied himself whirled a great distance through the air. Everything disappeared—even, for a moment, his power of thinking; but his hand had found one of the rail-stanchions. His distress was by no means alleviated by an inclination to disbelieve the reality of this experience. Though young, he had seen some bad weather, and had never doubted his ability to imagine the worst; but this was so much beyond his powers of fancy that it appeared incompatible with the existence of any ship whatever. He would have been incredulous about himself in the same way, perhaps, had he not been so harassed by the necessity of exerting a wrestling effort against a force trying to tear him away from his hold. Moreover, the conviction of not being utterly destroyed returned to him through the sensations of being half-drowned, bestially shaken, and partly choked.

It seemed to him he remained there precariously alone with the stanchion for a long, long time. The rain poured on him, flowed, drove in sheets. He breathed in gasps; and sometimes the water he swallowed was fresh and sometimes it was salt. For the most part he kept his eyes shut tight, as if suspecting his sight might be destroyed in the immense flurry of the elements. When he ventured to blink hastily, he derived some moral support from the green gleam of the starboard light shining feebly upon the flight of rain and sprays. He was actually looking at it when its ray fell upon the uprearing sea which put it out. He saw the head of the wave topple over, adding the mite of its crash to the tremendous uproar raging around him, and almost at the same instant the stanchion was wrenched away from his embracing arms. After a crushing thump on his back he found himself suddenly afloat and borne upwards. His first irresistible notion was that the whole China Sea had climbed on the bridge. Then, more sanely, he concluded himself gone overboard. All the time he was being tossed, flung, and rolled in great volumes of water, he kept on repeating mentally, with the utmost precipitation, the words: “My God! My God! My God! My God!”

All at once, in a revolt of misery and despair, he formed the crazy resolution to get out of that. And he began to thresh about with his arms and legs. But as soon as he commenced his wretched struggles he discovered that he had become somehow mixed up with a face, an oilskin coat, somebody's boots. He clawed ferociously all these things in turn, lost them, found them again, lost them once more, and finally was himself caught in the firm clasp of a pair of stout arms. He returned the embrace closely round a thick solid body. He had found his captain.

They tumbled over and over, tightening their hug. Suddenly the water let them down with a brutal bang; and, stranded against the side of the wheelhouse, out of breath and bruised, they were left to stagger up in the wind and hold on where they could.

Jukes came out of it rather horrified, as though he had escaped some unparalleled outrage directed at his feelings. It weakened his faith in himself. He started shouting aimlessly to the man he could feel near him in that fiendish blackness, “Is it you, sir? Is it you, sir?” till his temples seemed ready to burst. And he heard in answer a voice, as if crying far away, as if screaming to him fretfully from a very great distance, the one word “Yes!” Other seas swept again over the bridge. He received them defencelessly right over his bare head, with both his hands engaged in holding.

The motion of the ship was extravagant. Her lurches had an appalling helplessness: she pitched as if taking a header into a void, and seemed to find a wall to hit every time. When she rolled she fell on her side headlong, and she would be righted back by such a demolishing blow that Jukes felt her reeling as a clubbed man reels before he collapses. The gale howled and scuffled about gigantically in the darkness, as though the entire world were one black gully. At certain moments the air streamed against the ship as if sucked through a tunnel with a concentrated solid force of impact that seemed to lift her clean out of the water and keep her up for an instant with only a quiver running through her from end to end. And then she would begin her tumbling again as if dropped back into a boiling cauldron. Jukes tried hard to compose his mind and judge things coolly.

The sea, flattened down in the heavier gusts, would uprise and overwhelm both ends of the Nan-Shan in snowy rushes of foam, expanding wide, beyond both rails, into the night. And on this dazzling sheet, spread under the blackness of the clouds and emitting a bluish glow, Captain MacWhirr could catch a desolate glimpse of a few tiny specks black as ebony, the tops of the hatches, the battened companions, the heads of the covered winches, the foot of a mast. This was all he could see of his ship. Her middle structure, covered by the bridge which bore him, his mate, the closed wheelhouse where a man was steering shut up with the fear of being swept overboard together with the whole thing in one great crash—her middle structure was like a half-tide rock awash upon a coast. It was like an outlying rock with the water boiling up, streaming over, pouring off, beating round—like a rock in the surf to which shipwrecked people cling before they let go—only it rose, it sank, it rolled continuously, without respite and rest, like a rock that should have miraculously struck adrift from a coast and gone wallowing upon the sea.

The Nan-Shan was being looted by the storm with a senseless, destructive fury: trysails torn out of the extra gaskets, double-lashed awnings blown away, bridge swept clean, weather-cloths burst, rails twisted, light-screens smashed—and two of the boats had gone already. They had gone unheard and unseen, melting, as it were, in the shock and smother of the wave. It was only later, when upon the white flash of another high sea hurling itself amidships, Jukes had a vision of two pairs of davits leaping black and empty out of the solid blackness, with one overhauled fall flying and an iron-bound block capering in the air, that he became aware of what had happened within about three yards of his back.

He poked his head forward, groping for the ear of his commander. His lips touched it—big, fleshy, very wet. He cried in an agitated tone, “Our boats are going now, sir.”

And again he heard that voice, forced and ringing feebly, but with a penetrating effect of quietness in the enormous discord of noises, as if sent out from some remote spot of peace beyond the black wastes of the gale; again he heard a man's voice—the frail and indomitable sound that can be made to carry an infinity of thought, resolution and purpose, that shall be pronouncing confident words on the last day, when heavens fall, and justice is done—again he heard it, and it was crying to him, as if from very, very far—“All right.”

He thought he had not managed to make himself understood. “Our boats—I say boats—the boats, sir! Two gone!”

The same voice, within a foot of him and yet so remote, yelled sensibly, “Can't be helped.”

Captain MacWhirr had never turned his face, but Jukes caught some more words on the wind.

“What can—expect—when hammering through—such—Bound to leave—something behind—stands to reason.”

Watchfully Jukes listened for more. No more came. This was all Captain MacWhirr had to say; and Jukes could picture to himself rather than see the broad squat back before him. An impenetrable obscurity pressed down upon the ghostly glimmers of the sea. A dull conviction seized upon Jukes that there was nothing to be done.

If the steering-gear did not give way, if the immense volumes of water did not burst the deck in or smash one of the hatches, if the engines did not give up, if way could be kept on the ship against this terrific wind, and she did not bury herself in one of these awful seas, of whose white crests alone, topping high above her bows, he could now and then get a sickening glimpse—then there was a chance of her coming out of it. Something within him seemed to turn over, bringing uppermost the feeling that the Nan-Shan was lost.

“She's done for,” he said to himself, with a surprising mental agitation, as though he had discovered an unexpected meaning in this thought. One of these things was bound to happen. Nothing could be prevented now, and nothing could be remedied. The men on board did not count, and the ship could not last. This weather was too impossible.

Jukes felt an arm thrown heavily over his shoulders; and to this overture he responded with great intelligence by catching hold of his captain round the waist.

They stood clasped thus in the blind night, bracing each other against the wind, cheek to cheek and lip to ear, in the manner of two hulks lashed stem to stern together.

And Jukes heard the voice of his commander hardly any louder than before, but nearer, as though, starting to march athwart the prodigious rush of the hurricane, it had approached him, bearing that strange effect of quietness like the serene glow of a halo.

“D'ye know where the hands got to?” it asked, vigorous and evanescent at the same time, overcoming the strength of the wind, and swept away from Jukes instantly.

Jukes didn't know. They were all on the bridge when the real force of the hurricane struck the ship. He had no idea where they had crawled to. Under the circumstances they were nowhere, for all the use that could be made of them. Somehow the Captain's wish to know distressed Jukes.

“Want the hands, sir?” he cried, apprehensively.

“Ought to know,” asserted Captain MacWhirr. “Hold hard.”

They held hard. An outburst of unchained fury, a vicious rush of the wind absolutely steadied the ship; she rocked only, quick and light like a child's cradle, for a terrific moment of suspense, while the whole atmosphere, as it seemed, streamed furiously past her, roaring away from the tenebrous earth.

It suffocated them, and with eyes shut they tightened their grasp. What from the magnitude of the shock might have been a column of water running upright in the dark, butted against the ship, broke short, and fell on her bridge, crushingly, from on high, with a dead burying weight.

A flying fragment of that collapse, a mere splash, enveloped them in one swirl from their feet over their heads, filling violently their ears, mouths and nostrils with salt water. It knocked out their legs, wrenched in haste at their arms, seethed away swiftly under their chins; and opening their eyes, they saw the piled-up masses of foam dashing to and fro amongst what looked like the fragments of a ship. She had given way as if driven straight in. Their panting hearts yielded, too, before the tremendous blow; and all at once she sprang up again to her desperate plunging, as if trying to scramble out from under the ruins.

The seas in the dark seemed to rush from all sides to keep her back where she might perish. There was hate in the way she was handled, and a ferocity in the blows that fell. She was like a living creature thrown to the rage of a mob: hustled terribly, struck at, borne up, flung down, leaped upon. Captain MacWhirr and Jukes kept hold of each other, deafened by the noise, gagged by the wind; and the great physical tumult beating about their bodies, brought, like an unbridled display of passion, a profound trouble to their souls. One of those wild and appalling shrieks that are heard at times passing mysteriously overhead in the steady roar of a hurricane, swooped, as if borne on wings, upon the ship, and Jukes tried to outscream it.

“Will she live through this?”

The cry was wrenched out of his breast. It was as unintentional as the birth of a thought in the head, and he heard nothing of it himself. It all became extinct at once—thought, intention, effort—and of his cry the inaudible vibration added to the tempest waves of the air.

He expected nothing from it. Nothing at all. For indeed what answer could be made? But after a while he heard with amazement the frail and resisting voice in his ear, the dwarf sound, unconquered in the giant tumult.

“She may!”

It was a dull yell, more difficult to seize than a whisper. And presently the voice returned again, half submerged in the vast crashes, like a ship battling against the waves of an ocean.

“Let's hope so!” it cried—small, lonely and unmoved, a stranger to the visions of hope or fear; and it flickered into disconnected words: “Ship. . . . . This. . . . Never—Anyhow . . . for the best.” Jukes gave it up.

Then, as if it had come suddenly upon the one thing fit to withstand the power of a storm, it seemed to gain force and firmness for the last broken shouts:

“Keep on hammering . . . builders . . . good men. . . . . And chance it . . . engines. . . . Rout . . . good man.”

Captain MacWhirr removed his arm from Jukes' shoulders, and thereby ceased to exist for his mate, so dark it was; Jukes, after a tense stiffening of every muscle, would let himself go limp all over. The gnawing of profound discomfort existed side by side with an incredible disposition to somnolence, as though he had been buffeted and worried into drowsiness. The wind would get hold of his head and try to shake it off his shoulders; his clothes, full of water, were as heavy as lead, cold and dripping like an armour of melting ice: he shivered—it lasted a long time; and with his hands closed hard on his hold, he was letting himself sink slowly into the depths of bodily misery. His mind became concentrated upon himself in an aimless, idle way, and when something pushed lightly at the back of his knees he nearly, as the saying is, jumped out of his skin.

In the start forward he bumped the back of Captain MacWhirr, who didn't move; and then a hand gripped his thigh. A lull had come, a menacing lull of the wind, the holding of a stormy breath—and he felt himself pawed all over. It was the boatswain. Jukes recognized these hands, so thick and enormous that they seemed to belong to some new species of man.

The boatswain had arrived on the bridge, crawling on all fours against the wind, and had found the chief mate's legs with the top of his head. Immediately he crouched and began to explore Jukes' person upwards with prudent, apologetic touches, as became an inferior.

He was an ill-favoured, undersized, gruff sailor of fifty, coarsely hairy, short-legged, long-armed, resembling an elderly ape. His strength was immense; and in his great lumpy paws, bulging like brown boxing-gloves on the end of furry forearms, the heaviest objects were handled like playthings. Apart from the grizzled pelt on his chest, the menacing demeanour and the hoarse voice, he had none of the classical attributes of his rating. His good nature almost amounted to imbecility: the men did what they liked with him, and he had not an ounce of initiative in his character, which was easy-going and talkative. For these reasons Jukes disliked him; but Captain MacWhirr, to Jukes' scornful disgust, seemed to regard him as a first-rate petty officer.

He pulled himself up by Jukes' coat, taking that liberty with the greatest moderation, and only so far as it was forced upon him by the hurricane.

“What is it, boss'n, what is it?” yelled Jukes, impatiently. What could that fraud of a boss'n want on the bridge? The typhoon had got on Jukes' nerves. The husky bellowings of the other, though unintelligible, seemed to suggest a state of lively satisfaction.

There could be no mistake. The old fool was pleased with something.

The boatswain's other hand had found some other body, for in a changed tone he began to inquire: “Is it you, sir? Is it you, sir?” The wind strangled his howls.

“Yes!” cried Captain MacWhirr.







IV

All that the boatswain, out of a superabundance of yells, could make clear to Captain MacWhirr was the bizarre intelligence that “All them Chinamen in the fore 'tween deck have fetched away, sir.”

Jukes to leeward could hear these two shouting within six inches of his face, as you may hear on a still night half a mile away two men conversing across a field. He heard Captain MacWhirr's exasperated “What? What?” and the strained pitch of the other's hoarseness. “In a lump . . . seen them myself. . . . Awful sight, sir . . . thought . . . tell you.”

Jukes remained indifferent, as if rendered irresponsible by the force of the hurricane, which made the very thought of action utterly vain. Besides, being very young, he had found the occupation of keeping his heart completely steeled against the worst so engrossing that he had come to feel an overpowering dislike towards any other form of activity whatever. He was not scared; he knew this because, firmly believing he would never see another sunrise, he remained calm in that belief.

These are the moments of do-nothing heroics to which even good men surrender at times. Many officers of ships can no doubt recall a case in their experience when just such a trance of confounded stoicism would come all at once over a whole ship's company. Jukes, however, had no wide experience of men or storms. He conceived himself to be calm—inexorably calm; but as a matter of fact he was daunted; not abjectly, but only so far as a decent man may, without becoming loathsome to himself.

It was rather like a forced-on numbness of spirit. The long, long stress of a gale does it; the suspense of the interminably culminating catastrophe; and there is a bodily fatigue in the mere holding on to existence within the excessive tumult; a searching and insidious fatigue that penetrates deep into a man's breast to cast down and sadden his heart, which is incorrigible, and of all the gifts of the earth—even before life itself—aspires to peace.

Jukes was benumbed much more than he supposed. He held on—very wet, very cold, stiff in every limb; and in a momentary hallucination of swift visions (it is said that a drowning man thus reviews all his life) he beheld all sorts of memories altogether unconnected with his present situation. He remembered his father, for instance: a worthy business man, who at an unfortunate crisis in his affairs went quietly to bed and died forthwith in a state of resignation. Jukes did not recall these circumstances, of course, but remaining otherwise unconcerned he seemed to see distinctly the poor man's face; a certain game of nap played when quite a boy in Table Bay on board a ship, since lost with all hands; the thick eyebrows of his first skipper; and without any emotion, as he might years ago have walked listlessly into her room and found her sitting there with a book, he remembered his mother—dead, too, now—the resolute woman, left badly off, who had been very firm in his bringing up.

It could not have lasted more than a second, perhaps not so much. A heavy arm had fallen about his shoulders; Captain MacWhirr's voice was speaking his name into his ear.

“Jukes! Jukes!”

He detected the tone of deep concern. The wind had thrown its weight on the ship, trying to pin her down amongst the seas. They made a clean breach over her, as over a deep-swimming log; and the gathered weight of crashes menaced monstrously from afar. The breakers flung out of the night with a ghostly light on their crests—the light of sea-foam that in a ferocious, boiling-up pale flash showed upon the slender body of the ship the toppling rush, the downfall, and the seething mad scurry of each wave. Never for a moment could she shake herself clear of the water; Jukes, rigid, perceived in her motion the ominous sign of haphazard floundering. She was no longer struggling intelligently. It was the beginning of the end; and the note of busy concern in Captain MacWhirr's voice sickened him like an exhibition of blind and pernicious folly.

The spell of the storm had fallen upon Jukes. He was penetrated by it, absorbed by it; he was rooted in it with a rigour of dumb attention. Captain MacWhirr persisted in his cries, but the wind got between them like a solid wedge. He hung round Jukes' neck as heavy as a millstone, and suddenly the sides of their heads knocked together.

“Jukes! Mr. Jukes, I say!”

He had to answer that voice that would not be silenced. He answered in the customary manner: “. . . Yes, sir.”

And directly, his heart, corrupted by the storm that breeds a craving for peace, rebelled against the tyranny of training and command.

Captain MacWhirr had his mate's head fixed firm in the crook of his elbow, and pressed it to his yelling lips mysteriously. Sometimes Jukes would break in, admonishing hastily: “Look out, sir!” or Captain MacWhirr would bawl an earnest exhortation to “Hold hard, there!” and the whole black universe seemed to reel together with the ship. They paused. She floated yet. And Captain MacWhirr would resume, his shouts. “. . . . Says . . . whole lot . . . fetched away. . . . Ought to see . . . what's the matter.”

Directly the full force of the hurricane had struck the ship, every part of her deck became untenable; and the sailors, dazed and dismayed, took shelter in the port alleyway under the bridge. It had a door aft, which they shut; it was very black, cold, and dismal. At each heavy fling of the ship they would groan all together in the dark, and tons of water could be heard scuttling about as if trying to get at them from above. The boatswain had been keeping up a gruff talk, but a more unreasonable lot of men, he said afterwards, he had never been with. They were snug enough there, out of harm's way, and not wanted to do anything, either; and yet they did nothing but grumble and complain peevishly like so many sick kids. Finally, one of them said that if there had been at least some light to see each other's noses by, it wouldn't be so bad. It was making him crazy, he declared, to lie there in the dark waiting for the blamed hooker to sink.

“Why don't you step outside, then, and be done with it at once?” the boatswain turned on him.

This called up a shout of execration. The boatswain found himself overwhelmed with reproaches of all sorts. They seemed to take it ill that a lamp was not instantly created for them out of nothing. They would whine after a light to get drowned by—anyhow! And though the unreason of their revilings was patent—since no one could hope to reach the lamp-room, which was forward—he became greatly distressed. He did not think it was decent of them to be nagging at him like this. He told them so, and was met by general contumely. He sought refuge, therefore, in an embittered silence. At the same time their grumbling and sighing and muttering worried him greatly, but by-and-by it occurred to him that there were six globe lamps hung in the 'tween-deck, and that there could be no harm in depriving the coolies of one of them.

The Nan-Shan had an athwartship coal-bunker, which, being at times used as cargo space, communicated by an iron door with the fore 'tween-deck. It was empty then, and its manhole was the foremost one in the alleyway. The boatswain could get in, therefore, without coming out on deck at all; but to his great surprise he found he could induce no one to help him in taking off the manhole cover. He groped for it all the same, but one of the crew lying in his way refused to budge.

“Why, I only want to get you that blamed light you are crying for,” he expostulated, almost pitifully.

Somebody told him to go and put his head in a bag. He regretted he could not recognize the voice, and that it was too dark to see, otherwise, as he said, he would have put a head on that son of a sea-cook, anyway, sink or swim. Nevertheless, he had made up his mind to show them he could get a light, if he were to die for it.

Through the violence of the ship's rolling, every movement was dangerous. To be lying down seemed labour enough. He nearly broke his neck dropping into the bunker. He fell on his back, and was sent shooting helplessly from side to side in the dangerous company of a heavy iron bar—a coal-trimmer's slice probably—left down there by somebody. This thing made him as nervous as though it had been a wild beast. He could not see it, the inside of the bunker coated with coal-dust being perfectly and impenetrably black; but he heard it sliding and clattering, and striking here and there, always in the neighbourhood of his head. It seemed to make an extraordinary noise, too—to give heavy thumps as though it had been as big as a bridge girder. This was remarkable enough for him to notice while he was flung from port to starboard and back again, and clawing desperately the smooth sides of the bunker in the endeavour to stop himself. The door into the 'tween-deck not fitting quite true, he saw a thread of dim light at the bottom.

Being a sailor, and a still active man, he did not want much of a chance to regain his feet; and as luck would have it, in scrambling up he put his hand on the iron slice, picking it up as he rose. Otherwise he would have been afraid of the thing breaking his legs, or at least knocking him down again. At first he stood still. He felt unsafe in this darkness that seemed to make the ship's motion unfamiliar, unforeseen, and difficult to counteract. He felt so much shaken for a moment that he dared not move for fear of “taking charge again.” He had no mind to get battered to pieces in that bunker.

He had struck his head twice; he was dazed a little. He seemed to hear yet so plainly the clatter and bangs of the iron slice flying about his ears that he tightened his grip to prove to himself he had it there safely in his hand. He was vaguely amazed at the plainness with which down there he could hear the gale raging. Its howls and shrieks seemed to take on, in the emptiness of the bunker, something of the human character, of human rage and pain—being not vast but infinitely poignant. And there were, with every roll, thumps, too—profound, ponderous thumps, as if a bulky object of five-ton weight or so had got play in the hold. But there was no such thing in the cargo. Something on deck? Impossible. Or alongside? Couldn't be.

He thought all this quickly, clearly, competently, like a seaman, and in the end remained puzzled. This noise, though, came deadened from outside, together with the washing and pouring of water on deck above his head. Was it the wind? Must be. It made down there a row like the shouting of a big lot of crazed men. And he discovered in himself a desire for a light, too—if only to get drowned by—and a nervous anxiety to get out of that bunker as quickly as possible.

He pulled back the bolt: the heavy iron plate turned on its hinges; and it was as though he had opened the door to the sounds of the tempest. A gust of hoarse yelling met him: the air was still; and the rushing of water overhead was covered by a tumult of strangled, throaty shrieks that produced an effect of desperate confusion. He straddled his legs the whole width of the doorway and stretched his neck. And at first he perceived only what he had come to seek: six small yellow flames swinging violently on the great body of the dusk.

It was stayed like the gallery of a mine, with a row of stanchions in the middle, and cross-beams overhead, penetrating into the gloom ahead—indefinitely. And to port there loomed, like the caving in of one of the sides, a bulky mass with a slanting outline. The whole place, with the shadows and the shapes, moved all the time. The boatswain glared: the ship lurched to starboard, and a great howl came from that mass that had the slant of fallen earth.

Pieces of wood whizzed past. Planks, he thought, inexpressibly startled, and flinging back his head. At his feet a man went sliding over, open-eyed, on his back, straining with uplifted arms for nothing: and another came bounding like a detached stone with his head between his legs and his hands clenched. His pigtail whipped in the air; he made a grab at the boatswain's legs, and from his opened hand a bright white disc rolled against the boatswain's foot. He recognized a silver dollar, and yelled at it with astonishment. With a precipitated sound of trampling and shuffling of bare feet, and with guttural cries, the mound of writhing bodies piled up to port detached itself from the ship's side and sliding, inert and struggling, shifted to starboard, with a dull, brutal thump. The cries ceased. The boatswain heard a long moan through the roar and whistling of the wind; he saw an inextricable confusion of heads and shoulders, naked soles kicking upwards, fists raised, tumbling backs, legs, pigtails, faces.

“Good Lord!” he cried, horrified, and banged-to the iron door upon this vision.

This was what he had come on the bridge to tell. He could not keep it to himself; and on board ship there is only one man to whom it is worth while to unburden yourself. On his passage back the hands in the alleyway swore at him for a fool. Why didn't he bring that lamp? What the devil did the coolies matter to anybody? And when he came out, the extremity of the ship made what went on inside of her appear of little moment.

At first he thought he had left the alleyway in the very moment of her sinking. The bridge ladders had been washed away, but an enormous sea filling the after-deck floated him up. After that he had to lie on his stomach for some time, holding to a ring-bolt, getting his breath now and then, and swallowing salt water. He struggled farther on his hands and knees, too frightened and distracted to turn back. In this way he reached the after-part of the wheelhouse. In that comparatively sheltered spot he found the second mate.

The boatswain was pleasantly surprised—his impression being that everybody on deck must have been washed away a long time ago. He asked eagerly where the Captain was.

The second mate was lying low, like a malignant little animal under a hedge.

“Captain? Gone overboard, after getting us into this mess.” The mate, too, for all he knew or cared. Another fool. Didn't matter. Everybody was going by-and-by.

The boatswain crawled out again into the strength of the wind; not because he much expected to find anybody, he said, but just to get away from “that man.” He crawled out as outcasts go to face an inclement world. Hence his great joy at finding Jukes and the Captain. But what was going on in the 'tween-deck was to him a minor matter by that time. Besides, it was difficult to make yourself heard. But he managed to convey the idea that the Chinaman had broken adrift together with their boxes, and that he had come up on purpose to report this. As to the hands, they were all right. Then, appeased, he subsided on the deck in a sitting posture, hugging with his arms and legs the stand of the engine-room telegraph—an iron casting as thick as a post. When that went, why, he expected he would go, too. He gave no more thought to the coolies.

Captain MacWhirr had made Jukes understand that he wanted him to go down below—to see.

“What am I to do then, sir?” And the trembling of his whole wet body caused Jukes' voice to sound like bleating.

“See first . . . Boss'n . . . says . . . adrift.”

“That boss'n is a confounded fool,” howled Jukes, shakily.

The absurdity of the demand made upon him revolted Jukes. He was as unwilling to go as if the moment he had left the deck the ship were sure to sink.

“I must know . . . can't leave. . . .”

“They'll settle, sir.”

“Fight . . . boss'n says they fight. . . . Why? Can't have . . . fighting . . . board ship. . . . Much rather keep you here . . . case . . . I should . . . washed overboard myself. . . . Stop it . . . some way. You see and tell me . . . through engine-room tube. Don't want you . . . come up here . . . too often. Dangerous . . . moving about . . . deck.”

Jukes, held with his head in chancery, had to listen to what seemed horrible suggestions.

“Don't want . . . you get lost . . . so long . . . ship isn't. . . . . Rout . . . Good man . . . Ship . . . may . . . through this . . . all right yet.”

All at once Jukes understood he would have to go.

“Do you think she may?” he screamed.

But the wind devoured the reply, out of which Jukes heard only the one word, pronounced with great energy “. . . . Always. . . .”

Captain MacWhirr released Jukes, and bending over the boatswain, yelled, “Get back with the mate.” Jukes only knew that the arm was gone off his shoulders. He was dismissed with his orders—to do what? He was exasperated into letting go his hold carelessly, and on the instant was blown away. It seemed to him that nothing could stop him from being blown right over the stern. He flung himself down hastily, and the boatswain, who was following, fell on him.

“Don't you get up yet, sir,” cried the boatswain. “No hurry!”

A sea swept over. Jukes understood the boatswain to splutter that the bridge ladders were gone. “I'll lower you down, sir, by your hands,” he screamed. He shouted also something about the smoke-stack being as likely to go overboard as not. Jukes thought it very possible, and imagined the fires out, the ship helpless. . . . The boatswain by his side kept on yelling. “What? What is it?” Jukes cried distressfully; and the other repeated, “What would my old woman say if she saw me now?”

In the alleyway, where a lot of water had got in and splashed in the dark, the men were still as death, till Jukes stumbled against one of them and cursed him savagely for being in the way. Two or three voices then asked, eager and weak, “Any chance for us, sir?”

“What's the matter with you fools?” he said brutally. He felt as though he could throw himself down amongst them and never move any more. But they seemed cheered; and in the midst of obsequious warnings, “Look out! Mind that manhole lid, sir,” they lowered him into the bunker. The boatswain tumbled down after him, and as soon as he had picked himself up he remarked, “She would say, 'Serve you right, you old fool, for going to sea.'”

The boatswain had some means, and made a point of alluding to them frequently. His wife—a fat woman—and two grown-up daughters kept a greengrocer's shop in the East-end of London.

In the dark, Jukes, unsteady on his legs, listened to a faint thunderous patter. A deadened screaming went on steadily at his elbow, as it were; and from above the louder tumult of the storm descended upon these near sounds. His head swam. To him, too, in that bunker, the motion of the ship seemed novel and menacing, sapping his resolution as though he had never been afloat before.

He had half a mind to scramble out again; but the remembrance of Captain MacWhirr's voice made this impossible. His orders were to go and see. What was the good of it, he wanted to know. Enraged, he told himself he would see—of course. But the boatswain, staggering clumsily, warned him to be careful how he opened that door; there was a blamed fight going on. And Jukes, as if in great bodily pain, desired irritably to know what the devil they were fighting for.

“Dollars! Dollars, sir. All their rotten chests got burst open. Blamed money skipping all over the place, and they are tumbling after it head over heels—tearing and biting like anything. A regular little hell in there.”

Jukes convulsively opened the door. The short boatswain peered under his arm.

One of the lamps had gone out, broken perhaps. Rancorous, guttural cries burst out loudly on their ears, and a strange panting sound, the working of all these straining breasts. A hard blow hit the side of the ship: water fell above with a stunning shock, and in the forefront of the gloom, where the air was reddish and thick, Jukes saw a head bang the deck violently, two thick calves waving on high, muscular arms twined round a naked body, a yellow-face, open-mouthed and with a set wild stare, look up and slide away. An empty chest clattered turning over; a man fell head first with a jump, as if lifted by a kick; and farther off, indistinct, others streamed like a mass of rolling stones down a bank, thumping the deck with their feet and flourishing their arms wildly. The hatchway ladder was loaded with coolies swarming on it like bees on a branch. They hung on the steps in a crawling, stirring cluster, beating madly with their fists the underside of the battened hatch, and the headlong rush of the water above was heard in the intervals of their yelling. The ship heeled over more, and they began to drop off: first one, then two, then all the rest went away together, falling straight off with a great cry.

Jukes was confounded. The boatswain, with gruff anxiety, begged him, “Don't you go in there, sir.”

The whole place seemed to twist upon itself, jumping incessantly the while; and when the ship rose to a sea Jukes fancied that all these men would be shot upon him in a body. He backed out, swung the door to, and with trembling hands pushed at the bolt. . . .

As soon as his mate had gone Captain MacWhirr, left alone on the bridge, sidled and staggered as far as the wheelhouse. Its door being hinged forward, he had to fight the gale for admittance, and when at last he managed to enter, it was with an instantaneous clatter and a bang, as though he had been fired through the wood. He stood within, holding on to the handle.

The steering-gear leaked steam, and in the confined space the glass of the binnacle made a shiny oval of light in a thin white fog. The wind howled, hummed, whistled, with sudden booming gusts that rattled the doors and shutters in the vicious patter of sprays. Two coils of lead-line and a small canvas bag hung on a long lanyard, swung wide off, and came back clinging to the bulkheads. The gratings underfoot were nearly afloat; with every sweeping blow of a sea, water squirted violently through the cracks all round the door, and the man at the helm had flung down his cap, his coat, and stood propped against the gear-casing in a striped cotton shirt open on his breast. The little brass wheel in his hands had the appearance of a bright and fragile toy. The cords of his neck stood hard and lean, a dark patch lay in the hollow of his throat, and his face was still and sunken as in death.

Captain MacWhirr wiped his eyes. The sea that had nearly taken him overboard had, to his great annoyance, washed his sou'-wester hat off his bald head. The fluffy, fair hair, soaked and darkened, resembled a mean skein of cotton threads festooned round his bare skull. His face, glistening with sea-water, had been made crimson with the wind, with the sting of sprays. He looked as though he had come off sweating from before a furnace.

“You here?” he muttered, heavily.

The second mate had found his way into the wheelhouse some time before. He had fixed himself in a corner with his knees up, a fist pressed against each temple; and this attitude suggested rage, sorrow, resignation, surrender, with a sort of concentrated unforgiveness. He said mournfully and defiantly, “Well, it's my watch below now: ain't it?”

The steam gear clattered, stopped, clattered again; and the helmsman's eyeballs seemed to project out of a hungry face as if the compass card behind the binnacle glass had been meat. God knows how long he had been left there to steer, as if forgotten by all his shipmates. The bells had not been struck; there had been no reliefs; the ship's routine had gone down wind; but he was trying to keep her head north-north-east. The rudder might have been gone for all he knew, the fires out, the engines broken down, the ship ready to roll over like a corpse. He was anxious not to get muddled and lose control of her head, because the compass-card swung far both ways, wriggling on the pivot, and sometimes seemed to whirl right round. He suffered from mental stress. He was horribly afraid, also, of the wheelhouse going. Mountains of water kept on tumbling against it. When the ship took one of her desperate dives the corners of his lips twitched.

Captain MacWhirr looked up at the wheelhouse clock. Screwed to the bulk-head, it had a white face on which the black hands appeared to stand quite still. It was half-past one in the morning.

“Another day,” he muttered to himself.

The second mate heard him, and lifting his head as one grieving amongst ruins, “You won't see it break,” he exclaimed. His wrists and his knees could be seen to shake violently. “No, by God! You won't. . . .”

He took his face again between his fists.

The body of the helmsman had moved slightly, but his head didn't budge on his neck,—like a stone head fixed to look one way from a column. During a roll that all but took his booted legs from under him, and in the very stagger to save himself, Captain MacWhirr said austerely, “Don't you pay any attention to what that man says.” And then, with an indefinable change of tone, very grave, he added, “He isn't on duty.”

The sailor said nothing.

The hurricane boomed, shaking the little place, which seemed air-tight; and the light of the binnacle flickered all the time.

“You haven't been relieved,” Captain MacWhirr went on, looking down. “I want you to stick to the helm, though, as long as you can. You've got the hang of her. Another man coming here might make a mess of it. Wouldn't do. No child's play. And the hands are probably busy with a job down below. . . . Think you can?”

The steering-gear leaped into an abrupt short clatter, stopped smouldering like an ember; and the still man, with a motionless gaze, burst out, as if all the passion in him had gone into his lips: “By Heavens, sir! I can steer for ever if nobody talks to me.”

“Oh! aye! All right. . . .” The Captain lifted his eyes for the first time to the man, “. . . Hackett.”

And he seemed to dismiss this matter from his mind. He stooped to the engine-room speaking-tube, blew in, and bent his head. Mr. Rout below answered, and at once Captain MacWhirr put his lips to the mouthpiece.

With the uproar of the gale around him he applied alternately his lips and his ear, and the engineer's voice mounted to him, harsh and as if out of the heat of an engagement. One of the stokers was disabled, the others had given in, the second engineer and the donkey-man were firing-up. The third engineer was standing by the steam-valve. The engines were being tended by hand. How was it above?

“Bad enough. It mostly rests with you,” said Captain MacWhirr. Was the mate down there yet? No? Well, he would be presently. Would Mr. Rout let him talk through the speaking-tube?—through the deck speaking-tube, because he—the Captain—was going out again on the bridge directly. There was some trouble amongst the Chinamen. They were fighting, it seemed. Couldn't allow fighting anyhow. . . .

Mr. Rout had gone away, and Captain MacWhirr could feel against his ear the pulsation of the engines, like the beat of the ship's heart. Mr. Rout's voice down there shouted something distantly. The ship pitched headlong, the pulsation leaped with a hissing tumult, and stopped dead. Captain MacWhirr's face was impassive, and his eyes were fixed aimlessly on the crouching shape of the second mate. Again Mr. Rout's voice cried out in the depths, and the pulsating beats recommenced, with slow strokes—growing swifter.

Mr. Rout had returned to the tube. “It don't matter much what they do,” he said, hastily; and then, with irritation, “She takes these dives as if she never meant to come up again.”

“Awful sea,” said the Captain's voice from above.

“Don't let me drive her under,” barked Solomon Rout up the pipe.

“Dark and rain. Can't see what's coming,” uttered the voice. “Must—keep—her—moving—enough to steer—and chance it,” it went on to state distinctly.

“I am doing as much as I dare.”

“We are—getting—smashed up—a good deal up here,” proceeded the voice mildly. “Doing—fairly well—though. Of course, if the wheelhouse should go. . . .”

Mr. Rout, bending an attentive ear, muttered peevishly something under his breath.

But the deliberate voice up there became animated to ask: “Jukes turned up yet?” Then, after a short wait, “I wish he would bear a hand. I want him to be done and come up here in case of anything. To look after the ship. I am all alone. The second mate's lost. . . .”

“What?” shouted Mr. Rout into the engine-room, taking his head away. Then up the tube he cried, “Gone overboard?” and clapped his ear to.

“Lost his nerve,” the voice from above continued in a matter-of-fact tone. “Damned awkward circumstance.”

Mr. Rout, listening with bowed neck, opened his eyes wide at this. However, he heard something like the sounds of a scuffle and broken exclamations coming down to him. He strained his hearing; and all the time Beale, the third engineer, with his arms uplifted, held between the palms of his hands the rim of a little black wheel projecting at the side of a big copper pipe.

He seemed to be poising it above his head, as though it were a correct attitude in some sort of game.

To steady himself, he pressed his shoulder against the white bulkhead, one knee bent, and a sweat-rag tucked in his belt hanging on his hip. His smooth cheek was begrimed and flushed, and the coal dust on his eyelids, like the black pencilling of a make-up, enhanced the liquid brilliance of the whites, giving to his youthful face something of a feminine, exotic and fascinating aspect. When the ship pitched he would with hasty movements of his hands screw hard at the little wheel.

“Gone crazy,” began the Captain's voice suddenly in the tube. “Rushed at me. . . . Just now. Had to knock him down. . . . This minute. You heard, Mr. Rout?”

“The devil!” muttered Mr. Rout. “Look out, Beale!”

His shout rang out like the blast of a warning trumpet, between the iron walls of the engine-room. Painted white, they rose high into the dusk of the skylight, sloping like a roof; and the whole lofty space resembled the interior of a monument, divided by floors of iron grating, with lights flickering at different levels, and a mass of gloom lingering in the middle, within the columnar stir of machinery under the motionless swelling of the cylinders. A loud and wild resonance, made up of all the noises of the hurricane, dwelt in the still warmth of the air. There was in it the smell of hot metal, of oil, and a slight mist of steam. The blows of the sea seemed to traverse it in an unringing, stunning shock, from side to side.

Gleams, like pale long flames, trembled upon the polish of metal; from the flooring below the enormous crank-heads emerged in their turns with a flash of brass and steel—going over; while the connecting-rods, big-jointed, like skeleton limbs, seemed to thrust them down and pull them up again with an irresistible precision. And deep in the half-light other rods dodged deliberately to and fro, crossheads nodded, discs of metal rubbed smoothly against each other, slow and gentle, in a commingling of shadows and gleams.

Sometimes all those powerful and unerring movements would slow down simultaneously, as if they had been the functions of a living organism, stricken suddenly by the blight of languor; and Mr. Rout's eyes would blaze darker in his long sallow face. He was fighting this fight in a pair of carpet slippers. A short shiny jacket barely covered his loins, and his white wrists protruded far out of the tight sleeves, as though the emergency had added to his stature, had lengthened his limbs, augmented his pallor, hollowed his eyes.

He moved, climbing high up, disappearing low down, with a restless, purposeful industry, and when he stood still, holding the guard-rail in front of the starting-gear, he would keep glancing to the right at the steam-gauge, at the water-gauge, fixed upon the white wall in the light of a swaying lamp. The mouths of two speaking-tubes gaped stupidly at his elbow, and the dial of the engine-room telegraph resembled a clock of large diameter, bearing on its face curt words instead of figures. The grouped letters stood out heavily black, around the pivot-head of the indicator, emphatically symbolic of loud exclamations: AHEAD, ASTERN, SLOW, Half, STAND BY; and the fat black hand pointed downwards to the word FULL, which, thus singled out, captured the eye as a sharp cry secures attention.

The wood-encased bulk of the low-pressure cylinder, frowning portly from above, emitted a faint wheeze at every thrust, and except for that low hiss the engines worked their steel limbs headlong or slow with a silent, determined smoothness. And all this, the white walls, the moving steel, the floor plates under Solomon Rout's feet, the floors of iron grating above his head, the dusk and the gleams, uprose and sank continuously, with one accord, upon the harsh wash of the waves against the ship's side. The whole loftiness of the place, booming hollow to the great voice of the wind, swayed at the top like a tree, would go over bodily, as if borne down this way and that by the tremendous blasts.

“You've got to hurry up,” shouted Mr. Rout, as soon as he saw Jukes appear in the stokehold doorway.

Jukes' glance was wandering and tipsy; his red face was puffy, as though he had overslept himself. He had had an arduous road, and had travelled over it with immense vivacity, the agitation of his mind corresponding to the exertions of his body. He had rushed up out of the bunker, stumbling in the dark alleyway amongst a lot of bewildered men who, trod upon, asked “What's up, sir?” in awed mutters all round him;—down the stokehold ladder, missing many iron rungs in his hurry, down into a place deep as a well, black as Tophet, tipping over back and forth like a see-saw. The water in the bilges thundered at each roll, and lumps of coal skipped to and fro, from end to end, rattling like an avalanche of pebbles on a slope of iron.

Somebody in there moaned with pain, and somebody else could be seen crouching over what seemed the prone body of a dead man; a lusty voice blasphemed; and the glow under each fire-door was like a pool of flaming blood radiating quietly in a velvety blackness.

A gust of wind struck upon the nape of Jukes' neck and next moment he felt it streaming about his wet ankles. The stokehold ventilators hummed: in front of the six fire-doors two wild figures, stripped to the waist, staggered and stooped, wrestling with two shovels.

“Hallo! Plenty of draught now,” yelled the second engineer at once, as though he had been all the time looking out for Jukes. The donkeyman, a dapper little chap with a dazzling fair skin and a tiny, gingery moustache, worked in a sort of mute transport. They were keeping a full head of steam, and a profound rumbling, as of an empty furniture van trotting over a bridge, made a sustained bass to all the other noises of the place.

“Blowing off all the time,” went on yelling the second. With a sound as of a hundred scoured saucepans, the orifice of a ventilator spat upon his shoulder a sudden gush of salt water, and he volleyed a stream of curses upon all things on earth including his own soul, ripping and raving, and all the time attending to his business. With a sharp clash of metal the ardent pale glare of the fire opened upon his bullet head, showing his spluttering lips, his insolent face, and with another clang closed like the white-hot wink of an iron eye.

“Where's the blooming ship? Can you tell me? blast my eyes! Under water—or what? It's coming down here in tons. Are the condemned cowls gone to Hades? Hey? Don't you know anything—you jolly sailor-man you . . . ?”

Jukes, after a bewildered moment, had been helped by a roll to dart through; and as soon as his eyes took in the comparative vastness, peace and brilliance of the engine-room, the ship, setting her stern heavily in the water, sent him charging head down upon Mr. Rout.

The chief's arm, long like a tentacle, and straightening as if worked by a spring, went out to meet him, and deflected his rush into a spin towards the speaking-tubes. At the same time Mr. Rout repeated earnestly:

“You've got to hurry up, whatever it is.”

Jukes yelled “Are you there, sir?” and listened. Nothing. Suddenly the roar of the wind fell straight into his ear, but presently a small voice shoved aside the shouting hurricane quietly.

“You, Jukes?—Well?”

Jukes was ready to talk: it was only time that seemed to be wanting. It was easy enough to account for everything. He could perfectly imagine the coolies battened down in the reeking 'tween-deck, lying sick and scared between the rows of chests. Then one of these chests—or perhaps several at once—breaking loose in a roll, knocking out others, sides splitting, lids flying open, and all these clumsy Chinamen rising up in a body to save their property. Afterwards every fling of the ship would hurl that tramping, yelling mob here and there, from side to side, in a whirl of smashed wood, torn clothing, rolling dollars. A struggle once started, they would be unable to stop themselves. Nothing could stop them now except main force. It was a disaster. He had seen it, and that was all he could say. Some of them must be dead, he believed. The rest would go on fighting. . . .

He sent up his words, tripping over each other, crowding the narrow tube. They mounted as if into a silence of an enlightened comprehension dwelling alone up there with a storm. And Jukes wanted to be dismissed from the face of that odious trouble intruding on the great need of the ship.







V

He waited. Before his eyes the engines turned with slow labour, that in the moment of going off into a mad fling would stop dead at Mr. Rout's shout, “Look out, Beale!” They paused in an intelligent immobility, stilled in mid-stroke, a heavy crank arrested on the cant, as if conscious of danger and the passage of time. Then, with a “Now, then!” from the chief, and the sound of a breath expelled through clenched teeth, they would accomplish the interrupted revolution and begin another.

There was the prudent sagacity of wisdom and the deliberation of enormous strength in their movements. This was their work—this patient coaxing of a distracted ship over the fury of the waves and into the very eye of the wind. At times Mr. Rout's chin would sink on his breast, and he watched them with knitted eyebrows as if lost in thought.

The voice that kept the hurricane out of Jukes' ear began: “Take the hands with you . . . ,” and left off unexpectedly.

“What could I do with them, sir?”

A harsh, abrupt, imperious clang exploded suddenly. The three pairs of eyes flew up to the telegraph dial to see the hand jump from FULL to STOP, as if snatched by a devil. And then these three men in the engineroom had the intimate sensation of a check upon the ship, of a strange shrinking, as if she had gathered herself for a desperate leap.

“Stop her!” bellowed Mr. Rout.

Nobody—not even Captain MacWhirr, who alone on deck had caught sight of a white line of foam coming on at such a height that he couldn't believe his eyes—nobody was to know the steepness of that sea and the awful depth of the hollow the hurricane had scooped out behind the running wall of water.

It raced to meet the ship, and, with a pause, as of girding the loins, the Nan-Shan lifted her bows and leaped. The flames in all the lamps sank, darkening the engine-room. One went out. With a tearing crash and a swirling, raving tumult, tons of water fell upon the deck, as though the ship had darted under the foot of a cataract.

Down there they looked at each other, stunned.

“Swept from end to end, by God!” bawled Jukes.

She dipped into the hollow straight down, as if going over the edge of the world. The engine-room toppled forward menacingly, like the inside of a tower nodding in an earthquake. An awful racket, of iron things falling, came from the stokehold. She hung on this appalling slant long enough for Beale to drop on his hands and knees and begin to crawl as if he meant to fly on all fours out of the engine-room, and for Mr. Rout to turn his head slowly, rigid, cavernous, with the lower jaw dropping. Jukes had shut his eyes, and his face in a moment became hopelessly blank and gentle, like the face of a blind man.

At last she rose slowly, staggering, as if she had to lift a mountain with her bows.

Mr. Rout shut his mouth; Jukes blinked; and little Beale stood up hastily.

“Another one like this, and that's the last of her,” cried the chief.

He and Jukes looked at each other, and the same thought came into their heads. The Captain! Everything must have been swept away. Steering-gear gone—ship like a log. All over directly.

“Rush!” ejaculated Mr. Rout thickly, glaring with enlarged, doubtful eyes at Jukes, who answered him by an irresolute glance.

The clang of the telegraph gong soothed them instantly. The black hand dropped in a flash from STOP to FULL.

“Now then, Beale!” cried Mr. Rout.

The steam hissed low. The piston-rods slid in and out. Jukes put his ear to the tube. The voice was ready for him. It said: “Pick up all the money. Bear a hand now. I'll want you up here.” And that was all.

“Sir?” called up Jukes. There was no answer.

He staggered away like a defeated man from the field of battle. He had got, in some way or other, a cut above his left eyebrow—a cut to the bone. He was not aware of it in the least: quantities of the China Sea, large enough to break his neck for him, had gone over his head, had cleaned, washed, and salted that wound. It did not bleed, but only gaped red; and this gash over the eye, his dishevelled hair, the disorder of his clothes, gave him the aspect of a man worsted in a fight with fists.

“Got to pick up the dollars.” He appealed to Mr. Rout, smiling pitifully at random.

“What's that?” asked Mr. Rout, wildly. “Pick up . . . ? I don't care. . . .” Then, quivering in every muscle, but with an exaggeration of paternal tone, “Go away now, for God's sake. You deck people'll drive me silly. There's that second mate been going for the old man. Don't you know? You fellows are going wrong for want of something to do. . . .”

At these words Jukes discovered in himself the beginnings of anger. Want of something to do—indeed. . . . Full of hot scorn against the chief, he turned to go the way he had come. In the stokehold the plump donkeyman toiled with his shovel mutely, as if his tongue had been cut out; but the second was carrying on like a noisy, undaunted maniac, who had preserved his skill in the art of stoking under a marine boiler.

“Hallo, you wandering officer! Hey! Can't you get some of your slush-slingers to wind up a few of them ashes? I am getting choked with them here. Curse it! Hallo! Hey! Remember the articles: Sailors and firemen to assist each other. Hey! D'ye hear?”

Jukes was climbing out frantically, and the other, lifting up his face after him, howled, “Can't you speak? What are you poking about here for? What's your game, anyhow?”

A frenzy possessed Jukes. By the time he was back amongst the men in the darkness of the alleyway, he felt ready to wring all their necks at the slightest sign of hanging back. The very thought of it exasperated him. He couldn't hang back. They shouldn't.

The impetuosity with which he came amongst them carried them along. They had already been excited and startled at all his comings and goings—by the fierceness and rapidity of his movements; and more felt than seen in his rushes, he appeared formidable—busied with matters of life and death that brooked no delay. At his first word he heard them drop into the bunker one after another obediently, with heavy thumps.

They were not clear as to what would have to be done. “What is it? What is it?” they were asking each other. The boatswain tried to explain; the sounds of a great scuffle surprised them: and the mighty shocks, reverberating awfully in the black bunker, kept them in mind of their danger. When the boatswain threw open the door it seemed that an eddy of the hurricane, stealing through the iron sides of the ship, had set all these bodies whirling like dust: there came to them a confused uproar, a tempestuous tumult, a fierce mutter, gusts of screams dying away, and the tramping of feet mingling with the blows of the sea.

For a moment they glared amazed, blocking the doorway. Jukes pushed through them brutally. He said nothing, and simply darted in. Another lot of coolies on the ladder, struggling suicidally to break through the battened hatch to a swamped deck, fell off as before, and he disappeared under them like a man overtaken by a landslide.

The boatswain yelled excitedly: “Come along. Get the mate out. He'll be trampled to death. Come on.”

They charged in, stamping on breasts, on fingers, on faces, catching their feet in heaps of clothing, kicking broken wood; but before they could get hold of him Jukes emerged waist deep in a multitude of clawing hands. In the instant he had been lost to view, all the buttons of his jacket had gone, its back had got split up to the collar, his waistcoat had been torn open. The central struggling mass of Chinamen went over to the roll, dark, indistinct, helpless, with a wild gleam of many eyes in the dim light of the lamps.

“Leave me alone—damn you. I am all right,” screeched Jukes. “Drive them forward. Watch your chance when she pitches. Forward with 'em. Drive them against the bulkhead. Jam 'em up.”

The rush of the sailors into the seething 'tween-deck was like a splash of cold water into a boiling cauldron. The commotion sank for a moment.

The bulk of Chinamen were locked in such a compact scrimmage that, linking their arms and aided by an appalling dive of the ship, the seamen sent it forward in one great shove, like a solid block. Behind their backs small clusters and loose bodies tumbled from side to side.

The boatswain performed prodigious feats of strength. With his long arms open, and each great paw clutching at a stanchion, he stopped the rush of seven entwined Chinamen rolling like a boulder. His joints cracked; he said, “Ha!” and they flew apart. But the carpenter showed the greater intelligence. Without saying a word to anybody he went back into the alleyway, to fetch several coils of cargo gear he had seen there—chain and rope. With these life-lines were rigged.

There was really no resistance. The struggle, however it began, had turned into a scramble of blind panic. If the coolies had started up after their scattered dollars they were by that time fighting only for their footing. They took each other by the throat merely to save themselves from being hurled about. Whoever got a hold anywhere would kick at the others who caught at his legs and hung on, till a roll sent them flying together across the deck.

The coming of the white devils was a terror. Had they come to kill? The individuals torn out of the ruck became very limp in the seamen's hands: some, dragged aside by the heels, were passive, like dead bodies, with open, fixed eyes. Here and there a coolie would fall on his knees as if begging for mercy; several, whom the excess of fear made unruly, were hit with hard fists between the eyes, and cowered; while those who were hurt submitted to rough handling, blinking rapidly without a plaint. Faces streamed with blood; there were raw places on the shaven heads, scratches, bruises, torn wounds, gashes. The broken porcelain out of the chests was mostly responsible for the latter. Here and there a Chinaman, wild-eyed, with his tail unplaited, nursed a bleeding sole.

They had been ranged closely, after having been shaken into submission, cuffed a little to allay excitement, addressed in gruff words of encouragement that sounded like promises of evil. They sat on the deck in ghastly, drooping rows, and at the end the carpenter, with two hands to help him, moved busily from place to place, setting taut and hitching the life-lines. The boatswain, with one leg and one arm embracing a stanchion, struggled with a lamp pressed to his breast, trying to get a light, and growling all the time like an industrious gorilla. The figures of seamen stooped repeatedly, with the movements of gleaners, and everything was being flung into the bunker: clothing, smashed wood, broken china, and the dollars, too, gathered up in men's jackets. Now and then a sailor would stagger towards the doorway with his arms full of rubbish; and dolorous, slanting eyes followed his movements.

With every roll of the ship the long rows of sitting Celestials would sway forward brokenly, and her headlong dives knocked together the line of shaven polls from end to end. When the wash of water rolling on the deck died away for a moment, it seemed to Jukes, yet quivering from his exertions, that in his mad struggle down there he had overcome the wind somehow: that a silence had fallen upon the ship, a silence in which the sea struck thunderously at her sides.

Everything had been cleared out of the 'tween-deck—all the wreckage, as the men said. They stood erect and tottering above the level of heads and drooping shoulders. Here and there a coolie sobbed for his breath. Where the high light fell, Jukes could see the salient ribs of one, the yellow, wistful face of another; bowed necks; or would meet a dull stare directed at his face. He was amazed that there had been no corpses; but the lot of them seemed at their last gasp, and they appeared to him more pitiful than if they had been all dead.

Suddenly one of the coolies began to speak. The light came and went on his lean, straining face; he threw his head up like a baying hound. From the bunker came the sounds of knocking and the tinkle of some dollars rolling loose; he stretched out his arm, his mouth yawned black, and the incomprehensible guttural hooting sounds, that did not seem to belong to a human language, penetrated Jukes with a strange emotion as if a brute had tried to be eloquent.

Two more started mouthing what seemed to Jukes fierce denunciations; the others stirred with grunts and growls. Jukes ordered the hands out of the 'tweendecks hurriedly. He left last himself, backing through the door, while the grunts rose to a loud murmur and hands were extended after him as after a malefactor. The boatswain shot the bolt, and remarked uneasily, “Seems as if the wind had dropped, sir.”

The seamen were glad to get back into the alleyway. Secretly each of them thought that at the last moment he could rush out on deck—and that was a comfort. There is something horribly repugnant in the idea of being drowned under a deck. Now they had done with the Chinamen, they again became conscious of the ship's position.

Jukes on coming out of the alleyway found himself up to the neck in the noisy water. He gained the bridge, and discovered he could detect obscure shapes as if his sight had become preternaturally acute. He saw faint outlines. They recalled not the familiar aspect of the Nan-Shan, but something remembered—an old dismantled steamer he had seen years ago rotting on a mudbank. She recalled that wreck.

There was no wind, not a breath, except the faint currents created by the lurches of the ship. The smoke tossed out of the funnel was settling down upon her deck. He breathed it as he passed forward. He felt the deliberate throb of the engines, and heard small sounds that seemed to have survived the great uproar: the knocking of broken fittings, the rapid tumbling of some piece of wreckage on the bridge. He perceived dimly the squat shape of his captain holding on to a twisted bridge-rail, motionless and swaying as if rooted to the planks. The unexpected stillness of the air oppressed Jukes.

“We have done it, sir,” he gasped.

“Thought you would,” said Captain MacWhirr.

“Did you?” murmured Jukes to himself.

“Wind fell all at once,” went on the Captain.

Jukes burst out: “If you think it was an easy job—”

But his captain, clinging to the rail, paid no attention. “According to the books the worst is not over yet.”

“If most of them hadn't been half dead with seasickness and fright, not one of us would have come out of that 'tween-deck alive,” said Jukes.

“Had to do what's fair by them,” mumbled MacWhirr, stolidly. “You don't find everything in books.”

“Why, I believe they would have risen on us if I hadn't ordered the hands out of that pretty quick,” continued Jukes with warmth.

After the whisper of their shouts, their ordinary tones, so distinct, rang out very loud to their ears in the amazing stillness of the air. It seemed to them they were talking in a dark and echoing vault.

Through a jagged aperture in the dome of clouds the light of a few stars fell upon the black sea, rising and falling confusedly. Sometimes the head of a watery cone would topple on board and mingle with the rolling flurry of foam on the swamped deck; and the Nan-Shan wallowed heavily at the bottom of a circular cistern of clouds. This ring of dense vapours, gyrating madly round the calm of the centre, encompassed the ship like a motionless and unbroken wall of an aspect inconceivably sinister. Within, the sea, as if agitated by an internal commotion, leaped in peaked mounds that jostled each other, slapping heavily against her sides; and a low moaning sound, the infinite plaint of the storm's fury, came from beyond the limits of the menacing calm. Captain MacWhirr remained silent, and Jukes' ready ear caught suddenly the faint, long-drawn roar of some immense wave rushing unseen under that thick blackness, which made the appalling boundary of his vision.

“Of course,” he started resentfully, “they thought we had caught at the chance to plunder them. Of course! You said—pick up the money. Easier said than done. They couldn't tell what was in our heads. We came in, smash—right into the middle of them. Had to do it by a rush.”

“As long as it's done . . . ,” mumbled the Captain, without attempting to look at Jukes. “Had to do what's fair.”

“We shall find yet there's the devil to pay when this is over,” said Jukes, feeling very sore. “Let them only recover a bit, and you'll see. They will fly at our throats, sir. Don't forget, sir, she isn't a British ship now. These brutes know it well, too. The damned Siamese flag.”

“We are on board, all the same,” remarked Captain MacWhirr.

“The trouble's not over yet,” insisted Jukes, prophetically, reeling and catching on. “She's a wreck,” he added, faintly.

“The trouble's not over yet,” assented Captain MacWhirr, half aloud . . . . “Look out for her a minute.”

“Are you going off the deck, sir?” asked Jukes, hurriedly, as if the storm were sure to pounce upon him as soon as he had been left alone with the ship.

He watched her, battered and solitary, labouring heavily in a wild scene of mountainous black waters lit by the gleams of distant worlds. She moved slowly, breathing into the still core of the hurricane the excess of her strength in a white cloud of steam—and the deep-toned vibration of the escape was like the defiant trumpeting of a living creature of the sea impatient for the renewal of the contest. It ceased suddenly. The still air moaned. Above Jukes' head a few stars shone into a pit of black vapours. The inky edge of the cloud-disc frowned upon the ship under the patch of glittering sky. The stars, too, seemed to look at her intently, as if for the last time, and the cluster of their splendour sat like a diadem on a lowering brow.

Captain MacWhirr had gone into the chart-room. There was no light there; but he could feel the disorder of that place where he used to live tidily. His armchair was upset. The books had tumbled out on the floor: he scrunched a piece of glass under his boot. He groped for the matches, and found a box on a shelf with a deep ledge. He struck one, and puckering the corners of his eyes, held out the little flame towards the barometer whose glittering top of glass and metals nodded at him continuously.

It stood very low—incredibly low, so low that Captain MacWhirr grunted. The match went out, and hurriedly he extracted another, with thick, stiff fingers.

Again a little flame flared up before the nodding glass and metal of the top. His eyes looked at it, narrowed with attention, as if expecting an imperceptible sign. With his grave face he resembled a booted and misshapen pagan burning incense before the oracle of a Joss. There was no mistake. It was the lowest reading he had ever seen in his life.

Captain MacWhirr emitted a low whistle. He forgot himself till the flame diminished to a blue spark, burnt his fingers and vanished. Perhaps something had gone wrong with the thing!

There was an aneroid glass screwed above the couch. He turned that way, struck another match, and discovered the white face of the other instrument looking at him from the bulkhead, meaningly, not to be gainsaid, as though the wisdom of men were made unerring by the indifference of matter. There was no room for doubt now. Captain MacWhirr pshawed at it, and threw the match down.

The worst was to come, then—and if the books were right this worst would be very bad. The experience of the last six hours had enlarged his conception of what heavy weather could be like. “It'll be terrific,” he pronounced, mentally. He had not consciously looked at anything by the light of the matches except at the barometer; and yet somehow he had seen that his water-bottle and the two tumblers had been flung out of their stand. It seemed to give him a more intimate knowledge of the tossing the ship had gone through. “I wouldn't have believed it,” he thought. And his table had been cleared, too; his rulers, his pencils, the inkstand—all the things that had their safe appointed places—they were gone, as if a mischievous hand had plucked them out one by one and flung them on the wet floor. The hurricane had broken in upon the orderly arrangements of his privacy. This had never happened before, and the feeling of dismay reached the very seat of his composure. And the worst was to come yet! He was glad the trouble in the 'tween-deck had been discovered in time. If the ship had to go after all, then, at least, she wouldn't be going to the bottom with a lot of people in her fighting teeth and claw. That would have been odious. And in that feeling there was a humane intention and a vague sense of the fitness of things.

These instantaneous thoughts were yet in their essence heavy and slow, partaking of the nature of the man. He extended his hand to put back the matchbox in its corner of the shelf. There were always matches there—by his order. The steward had his instructions impressed upon him long before. “A box . . . just there, see? Not so very full . . . where I can put my hand on it, steward. Might want a light in a hurry. Can't tell on board ship what you might want in a hurry. Mind, now.”

And of course on his side he would be careful to put it back in its place scrupulously. He did so now, but before he removed his hand it occurred to him that perhaps he would never have occasion to use that box any more. The vividness of the thought checked him and for an infinitesimal fraction of a second his fingers closed again on the small object as though it had been the symbol of all these little habits that chain us to the weary round of life. He released it at last, and letting himself fall on the settee, listened for the first sounds of returning wind.

Not yet. He heard only the wash of water, the heavy splashes, the dull shocks of the confused seas boarding his ship from all sides. She would never have a chance to clear her decks.

But the quietude of the air was startlingly tense and unsafe, like a slender hair holding a sword suspended over his head. By this awful pause the storm penetrated the defences of the man and unsealed his lips. He spoke out in the solitude and the pitch darkness of the cabin, as if addressing another being awakened within his breast.

“I shouldn't like to lose her,” he said half aloud.

He sat unseen, apart from the sea, from his ship, isolated, as if withdrawn from the very current of his own existence, where such freaks as talking to himself surely had no place. His palms reposed on his knees, he bowed his short neck and puffed heavily, surrendering to a strange sensation of weariness he was not enlightened enough to recognize for the fatigue of mental stress.

From where he sat he could reach the door of a washstand locker. There should have been a towel there. There was. Good. . . . He took it out, wiped his face, and afterwards went on rubbing his wet head. He towelled himself with energy in the dark, and then remained motionless with the towel on his knees. A moment passed, of a stillness so profound that no one could have guessed there was a man sitting in that cabin. Then a murmur arose.

“She may come out of it yet.”

When Captain MacWhirr came out on deck, which he did brusquely, as though he had suddenly become conscious of having stayed away too long, the calm had lasted already more than fifteen minutes—long enough to make itself intolerable even to his imagination. Jukes, motionless on the forepart of the bridge, began to speak at once. His voice, blank and forced as though he were talking through hard-set teeth, seemed to flow away on all sides into the darkness, deepening again upon the sea.

“I had the wheel relieved. Hackett began to sing out that he was done. He's lying in there alongside the steering-gear with a face like death. At first I couldn't get anybody to crawl out and relieve the poor devil. That boss'n's worse than no good, I always said. Thought I would have had to go myself and haul out one of them by the neck.”

“Ah, well,” muttered the Captain. He stood watchful by Jukes' side.

“The second mate's in there, too, holding his head. Is he hurt, sir?”

“No—crazy,” said Captain MacWhirr, curtly.

“Looks as if he had a tumble, though.”

“I had to give him a push,” explained the Captain.

Jukes gave an impatient sigh.

“It will come very sudden,” said Captain MacWhirr, “and from over there, I fancy. God only knows though. These books are only good to muddle your head and make you jumpy. It will be bad, and there's an end. If we only can steam her round in time to meet it. . . .”

A minute passed. Some of the stars winked rapidly and vanished.

“You left them pretty safe?” began the Captain abruptly, as though the silence were unbearable.

“Are you thinking of the coolies, sir? I rigged lifelines all ways across that 'tween-deck.”

“Did you? Good idea, Mr. Jukes.”

“I didn't . . . think you cared to . . . know,” said Jukes—the lurching of the ship cut his speech as though somebody had been jerking him around while he talked—“how I got on with . . . that infernal job. We did it. And it may not matter in the end.”

“Had to do what's fair, for all—they are only Chinamen. Give them the same chance with ourselves—hang it all. She isn't lost yet. Bad enough to be shut up below in a gale—”

“That's what I thought when you gave me the job, sir,” interjected Jukes, moodily.

“—without being battered to pieces,” pursued Captain MacWhirr with rising vehemence. “Couldn't let that go on in my ship, if I knew she hadn't five minutes to live. Couldn't bear it, Mr. Jukes.”

A hollow echoing noise, like that of a shout rolling in a rocky chasm, approached the ship and went away again. The last star, blurred, enlarged, as if returning to the fiery mist of its beginning, struggled with the colossal depth of blackness hanging over the ship—and went out.

“Now for it!” muttered Captain MacWhirr. “Mr. Jukes.”

“Here, sir.”

The two men were growing indistinct to each other.

“We must trust her to go through it and come out on the other side. That's plain and straight. There's no room for Captain Wilson's storm-strategy here.”

“No, sir.”

“She will be smothered and swept again for hours,” mumbled the Captain. “There's not much left by this time above deck for the sea to take away—unless you or me.”

“Both, sir,” whispered Jukes, breathlessly.

“You are always meeting trouble half way, Jukes,” Captain MacWhirr remonstrated quaintly. “Though it's a fact that the second mate is no good. D'ye hear, Mr. Jukes? You would be left alone if. . . .”

Captain MacWhirr interrupted himself, and Jukes, glancing on all sides, remained silent.

“Don't you be put out by anything,” the Captain continued, mumbling rather fast. “Keep her facing it. They may say what they like, but the heaviest seas run with the wind. Facing it—always facing it—that's the way to get through. You are a young sailor. Face it. That's enough for any man. Keep a cool head.”

“Yes, sir,” said Jukes, with a flutter of the heart.

In the next few seconds the Captain spoke to the engine-room and got an answer.

For some reason Jukes experienced an access of confidence, a sensation that came from outside like a warm breath, and made him feel equal to every demand. The distant muttering of the darkness stole into his ears. He noted it unmoved, out of that sudden belief in himself, as a man safe in a shirt of mail would watch a point.

The ship laboured without intermission amongst the black hills of water, paying with this hard tumbling the price of her life. She rumbled in her depths, shaking a white plummet of steam into the night, and Jukes' thought skimmed like a bird through the engine-room, where Mr. Rout—good man—was ready. When the rumbling ceased it seemed to him that there was a pause of every sound, a dead pause in which Captain MacWhirr's voice rang out startlingly.

“What's that? A puff of wind?”—it spoke much louder than Jukes had ever heard it before—“On the bow. That's right. She may come out of it yet.”

The mutter of the winds drew near apace. In the forefront could be distinguished a drowsy waking plaint passing on, and far off the growth of a multiple clamour, marching and expanding. There was the throb as of many drums in it, a vicious rushing note, and like the chant of a tramping multitude.

Jukes could no longer see his captain distinctly. The darkness was absolutely piling itself upon the ship. At most he made out movements, a hint of elbows spread out, of a head thrown up.

Captain MacWhirr was trying to do up the top button of his oilskin coat with unwonted haste. The hurricane, with its power to madden the seas, to sink ships, to uproot trees, to overturn strong walls and dash the very birds of the air to the ground, had found this taciturn man in its path, and, doing its utmost, had managed to wring out a few words. Before the renewed wrath of winds swooped on his ship, Captain MacWhirr was moved to declare, in a tone of vexation, as it were: “I wouldn't like to lose her.”

He was spared that annoyance.







VI

On A bright sunshiny day, with the breeze chasing her smoke far ahead, the Nan-Shan came into Fu-chau. Her arrival was at once noticed on shore, and the seamen in harbour said: “Look! Look at that steamer. What's that? Siamese—isn't she? Just look at her!”

She seemed, indeed, to have been used as a running target for the secondary batteries of a cruiser. A hail of minor shells could not have given her upper works a more broken, torn, and devastated aspect: and she had about her the worn, weary air of ships coming from the far ends of the world—and indeed with truth, for in her short passage she had been very far; sighting, verily, even the coast of the Great Beyond, whence no ship ever returns to give up her crew to the dust of the earth. She was incrusted and gray with salt to the trucks of her masts and to the top of her funnel; as though (as some facetious seaman said) “the crowd on board had fished her out somewhere from the bottom of the sea and brought her in here for salvage.” And further, excited by the felicity of his own wit, he offered to give five pounds for her—“as she stands.”

Before she had been quite an hour at rest, a meagre little man, with a red-tipped nose and a face cast in an angry mould, landed from a sampan on the quay of the Foreign Concession, and incontinently turned to shake his fist at her.

A tall individual, with legs much too thin for a rotund stomach, and with watery eyes, strolled up and remarked, “Just left her—eh? Quick work.”

He wore a soiled suit of blue flannel with a pair of dirty cricketing shoes; a dingy gray moustache drooped from his lip, and daylight could be seen in two places between the rim and the crown of his hat.

“Hallo! what are you doing here?” asked the ex-second-mate of the Nan-Shan, shaking hands hurriedly.

“Standing by for a job—chance worth taking—got a quiet hint,” explained the man with the broken hat, in jerky, apathetic wheezes.

The second shook his fist again at the Nan-Shan. “There's a fellow there that ain't fit to have the command of a scow,” he declared, quivering with passion, while the other looked about listlessly.

“Is there?”

But he caught sight on the quay of a heavy seaman's chest, painted brown under a fringed sailcloth cover, and lashed with new manila line. He eyed it with awakened interest.

“I would talk and raise trouble if it wasn't for that damned Siamese flag. Nobody to go to—or I would make it hot for him. The fraud! Told his chief engineer—that's another fraud for you—I had lost my nerve. The greatest lot of ignorant fools that ever sailed the seas. No! You can't think . . .”

“Got your money all right?” inquired his seedy acquaintance suddenly.

“Yes. Paid me off on board,” raged the second mate. “'Get your breakfast on shore,' says he.”

“Mean skunk!” commented the tall man, vaguely, and passed his tongue on his lips. “What about having a drink of some sort?”

“He struck me,” hissed the second mate.

“No! Struck! You don't say?” The man in blue began to bustle about sympathetically. “Can't possibly talk here. I want to know all about it. Struck—eh? Let's get a fellow to carry your chest. I know a quiet place where they have some bottled beer. . . .”

Mr. Jukes, who had been scanning the shore through a pair of glasses, informed the chief engineer afterwards that “our late second mate hasn't been long in finding a friend. A chap looking uncommonly like a bummer. I saw them walk away together from the quay.”

The hammering and banging of the needful repairs did not disturb Captain MacWhirr. The steward found in the letter he wrote, in a tidy chart-room, passages of such absorbing interest that twice he was nearly caught in the act. But Mrs. MacWhirr, in the drawing-room of the forty-pound house, stifled a yawn—perhaps out of self-respect—for she was alone.

She reclined in a plush-bottomed and gilt hammock-chair near a tiled fireplace, with Japanese fans on the mantel and a glow of coals in the grate. Lifting her hands, she glanced wearily here and there into the many pages. It was not her fault they were so prosy, so completely uninteresting—from “My darling wife” at the beginning, to “Your loving husband” at the end. She couldn't be really expected to understand all these ship affairs. She was glad, of course, to hear from him, but she had never asked herself why, precisely.

“. . . They are called typhoons . . . The mate did not seem to like it . . . Not in books . . . Couldn't think of letting it go on. . . .”

The paper rustled sharply. “. . . . A calm that lasted more than twenty minutes,” she read perfunctorily; and the next words her thoughtless eyes caught, on the top of another page, were: “see you and the children again. . . .” She had a movement of impatience. He was always thinking of coming home. He had never had such a good salary before. What was the matter now?

It did not occur to her to turn back overleaf to look. She would have found it recorded there that between 4 and 6 A. M. on December 25th, Captain MacWhirr did actually think that his ship could not possibly live another hour in such a sea, and that he would never see his wife and children again. Nobody was to know this (his letters got mislaid so quickly)—nobody whatever but the steward, who had been greatly impressed by that disclosure. So much so, that he tried to give the cook some idea of the “narrow squeak we all had” by saying solemnly, “The old man himself had a dam' poor opinion of our chance.”

“How do you know?” asked, contemptuously, the cook, an old soldier. “He hasn't told you, maybe?”

“Well, he did give me a hint to that effect,” the steward brazened it out.

“Get along with you! He will be coming to tell me next,” jeered the old cook, over his shoulder.

Mrs. MacWhirr glanced farther, on the alert. “. . . Do what's fair. . . Miserable objects . . . . Only three, with a broken leg each, and one . . . Thought had better keep the matter quiet . . . hope to have done the fair thing. . . .”

She let fall her hands. No: there was nothing more about coming home. Must have been merely expressing a pious wish. Mrs. MacWhirr's mind was set at ease, and a black marble clock, priced by the local jeweller at 3L. 18s. 6d., had a discreet stealthy tick.

The door flew open, and a girl in the long-legged, short-frocked period of existence, flung into the room.

A lot of colourless, rather lanky hair was scattered over her shoulders. Seeing her mother, she stood still, and directed her pale prying eyes upon the letter.

“From father,” murmured Mrs. MacWhirr. “What have you done with your ribbon?”

The girl put her hands up to her head and pouted.

“He's well,” continued Mrs. MacWhirr languidly. “At least I think so. He never says.” She had a little laugh. The girl's face expressed a wandering indifference, and Mrs. MacWhirr surveyed her with fond pride.

“Go and get your hat,” she said after a while. “I am going out to do some shopping. There is a sale at Linom's.”

“Oh, how jolly!” uttered the child, impressively, in unexpectedly grave vibrating tones, and bounded out of the room.

It was a fine afternoon, with a gray sky and dry sidewalks. Outside the draper's Mrs. MacWhirr smiled upon a woman in a black mantle of generous proportions armoured in jet and crowned with flowers blooming falsely above a bilious matronly countenance. They broke into a swift little babble of greetings and exclamations both together, very hurried, as if the street were ready to yawn open and swallow all that pleasure before it could be expressed.

Behind them the high glass doors were kept on the swing. People couldn't pass, men stood aside waiting patiently, and Lydia was absorbed in poking the end of her parasol between the stone flags. Mrs. MacWhirr talked rapidly.

“Thank you very much. He's not coming home yet. Of course it's very sad to have him away, but it's such a comfort to know he keeps so well.” Mrs. MacWhirr drew breath. “The climate there agrees with him,” she added, beamingly, as if poor MacWhirr had been away touring in China for the sake of his health.

Neither was the chief engineer coming home yet. Mr. Rout knew too well the value of a good billet.

“Solomon says wonders will never cease,” cried Mrs. Rout joyously at the old lady in her armchair by the fire. Mr. Rout's mother moved slightly, her withered hands lying in black half-mittens on her lap.

The eyes of the engineer's wife fairly danced on the paper. “That captain of the ship he is in—a rather simple man, you remember, mother?—has done something rather clever, Solomon says.”

“Yes, my dear,” said the old woman meekly, sitting with bowed silvery head, and that air of inward stillness characteristic of very old people who seem lost in watching the last flickers of life. “I think I remember.”

Solomon Rout, Old Sol, Father Sol, the Chief, “Rout, good man”—Mr. Rout, the condescending and paternal friend of youth, had been the baby of her many children—all dead by this time. And she remembered him best as a boy of ten—long before he went away to serve his apprenticeship in some great engineering works in the North. She had seen so little of him since, she had gone through so many years, that she had now to retrace her steps very far back to recognize him plainly in the mist of time. Sometimes it seemed that her daughter-in-law was talking of some strange man.

Mrs. Rout junior was disappointed. “H'm. H'm.” She turned the page. “How provoking! He doesn't say what it is. Says I couldn't understand how much there was in it. Fancy! What could it be so very clever? What a wretched man not to tell us!”

She read on without further remark soberly, and at last sat looking into the fire. The chief wrote just a word or two of the typhoon; but something had moved him to express an increased longing for the companionship of the jolly woman. “If it hadn't been that mother must be looked after, I would send you your passage-money to-day. You could set up a small house out here. I would have a chance to see you sometimes then. We are not growing younger. . . .”

“He's well, mother,” sighed Mrs. Rout, rousing herself.

“He always was a strong healthy boy,” said the old woman, placidly.

But Mr. Jukes' account was really animated and very full. His friend in the Western Ocean trade imparted it freely to the other officers of his liner. “A chap I know writes to me about an extraordinary affair that happened on board his ship in that typhoon—you know—that we read of in the papers two months ago. It's the funniest thing! Just see for yourself what he says. I'll show you his letter.”

There were phrases in it calculated to give the impression of light-hearted, indomitable resolution. Jukes had written them in good faith, for he felt thus when he wrote. He described with lurid effect the scenes in the 'tween-deck. “. . . It struck me in a flash that those confounded Chinamen couldn't tell we weren't a desperate kind of robbers. 'Tisn't good to part the Chinaman from his money if he is the stronger party. We need have been desperate indeed to go thieving in such weather, but what could these beggars know of us? So, without thinking of it twice, I got the hands away in a jiffy. Our work was done—that the old man had set his heart on. We cleared out without staying to inquire how they felt. I am convinced that if they had not been so unmercifully shaken, and afraid—each individual one of them —to stand up, we would have been torn to pieces. Oh! It was pretty complete, I can tell you; and you may run to and fro across the Pond to the end of time before you find yourself with such a job on your hands.”

After this he alluded professionally to the damage done to the ship, and went on thus:

“It was when the weather quieted down that the situation became confoundedly delicate. It wasn't made any better by us having been lately transferred to the Siamese flag; though the skipper can't see that it makes any difference—'as long as we are on board'—he says. There are feelings that this man simply hasn't got—and there's an end of it. You might just as well try to make a bedpost understand. But apart from this it is an infernally lonely state for a ship to be going about the China seas with no proper consuls, not even a gunboat of her own anywhere, nor a body to go to in case of some trouble.

“My notion was to keep these Johnnies under hatches for another fifteen hours or so; as we weren't much farther than that from Fu-chau. We would find there, most likely, some sort of a man-of-war, and once under her guns we were safe enough; for surely any skipper of a man-of-war—English, French or Dutch—would see white men through as far as row on board goes. We could get rid of them and their money afterwards by delivering them to their Mandarin or Taotai, or whatever they call these chaps in goggles you see being carried about in sedan-chairs through their stinking streets.

“The old man wouldn't see it somehow. He wanted to keep the matter quiet. He got that notion into his head, and a steam windlass couldn't drag it out of him. He wanted as little fuss made as possible, for the sake of the ship's name and for the sake of the owners—'for the sake of all concerned,' says he, looking at me very hard.

“It made me angry hot. Of course you couldn't keep a thing like that quiet; but the chests had been secured in the usual manner and were safe enough for any earthly gale, while this had been an altogether fiendish business I couldn't give you even an idea of.

“Meantime, I could hardly keep on my feet. None of us had a spell of any sort for nearly thirty hours, and there the old man sat rubbing his chin, rubbing the top of his head, and so bothered he didn't even think of pulling his long boots off.

“'I hope, sir,' says I, 'you won't be letting them out on deck before we make ready for them in some shape or other.' Not, mind you, that I felt very sanguine about controlling these beggars if they meant to take charge. A trouble with a cargo of Chinamen is no child's play. I was dam' tired, too. 'I wish,' said I, 'you would let us throw the whole lot of these dollars down to them and leave them to fight it out amongst themselves, while we get a rest.'

“'Now you talk wild, Jukes,' says he, looking up in his slow way that makes you ache all over, somehow. 'We must plan out something that would be fair to all parties.'

“I had no end of work on hand, as you may imagine, so I set the hands going, and then I thought I would turn in a bit. I hadn't been asleep in my bunk ten minutes when in rushes the steward and begins to pull at my leg.

“'For God's sake, Mr. Jukes, come out! Come on deck quick, sir. Oh, do come out!'

“The fellow scared all the sense out of me. I didn't know what had happened: another hurricane—or what. Could hear no wind.

“'The Captain's letting them out. Oh, he is letting them out! Jump on deck, sir, and save us. The chief engineer has just run below for his revolver.'

“That's what I understood the fool to say. However, Father Rout swears he went in there only to get a clean pocket-handkerchief. Anyhow, I made one jump into my trousers and flew on deck aft. There was certainly a good deal of noise going on forward of the bridge. Four of the hands with the boss'n were at work abaft. I passed up to them some of the rifles all the ships on the China coast carry in the cabin, and led them on the bridge. On the way I ran against Old Sol, looking startled and sucking at an unlighted cigar.

“'Come along,' I shouted to him.

“We charged, the seven of us, up to the chart-room. All was over. There stood the old man with his sea-boots still drawn up to the hips and in shirt-sleeves—got warm thinking it out, I suppose. Bun Hin's dandy clerk at his elbow, as dirty as a sweep, was still green in the face. I could see directly I was in for something.

“'What the devil are these monkey tricks, Mr. Jukes?' asks the old man, as angry as ever he could be. I tell you frankly it made me lose my tongue. 'For God's sake, Mr. Jukes,' says he, 'do take away these rifles from the men. Somebody's sure to get hurt before long if you don't. Damme, if this ship isn't worse than Bedlam! Look sharp now. I want you up here to help me and Bun Hin's Chinaman to count that money. You wouldn't mind lending a hand, too, Mr. Rout, now you are here. The more of us the better.'

“He had settled it all in his mind while I was having a snooze. Had we been an English ship, or only going to land our cargo of coolies in an English port, like Hong-Kong, for instance, there would have been no end of inquiries and bother, claims for damages and so on. But these Chinamen know their officials better than we do.

“The hatches had been taken off already, and they were all on deck after a night and a day down below. It made you feel queer to see so many gaunt, wild faces together. The beggars stared about at the sky, at the sea, at the ship, as though they had expected the whole thing to have been blown to pieces. And no wonder! They had had a doing that would have shaken the soul out of a white man. But then they say a Chinaman has no soul. He has, though, something about him that is deuced tough. There was a fellow (amongst others of the badly hurt) who had had his eye all but knocked out. It stood out of his head the size of half a hen's egg. This would have laid out a white man on his back for a month: and yet there was that chap elbowing here and there in the crowd and talking to the others as if nothing had been the matter. They made a great hubbub amongst themselves, and whenever the old man showed his bald head on the foreside of the bridge, they would all leave off jawing and look at him from below.

“It seems that after he had done his thinking he made that Bun Hin's fellow go down and explain to them the only way they could get their money back. He told me afterwards that, all the coolies having worked in the same place and for the same length of time, he reckoned he would be doing the fair thing by them as near as possible if he shared all the cash we had picked up equally among the lot. You couldn't tell one man's dollars from another's, he said, and if you asked each man how much money he brought on board he was afraid they would lie, and he would find himself a long way short. I think he was right there. As to giving up the money to any Chinese official he could scare up in Fu-chau, he said he might just as well put the lot in his own pocket at once for all the good it would be to them. I suppose they thought so, too.

“We finished the distribution before dark. It was rather a sight: the sea running high, the ship a wreck to look at, these Chinamen staggering up on the bridge one by one for their share, and the old man still booted, and in his shirt-sleeves, busy paying out at the chartroom door, perspiring like anything, and now and then coming down sharp on myself or Father Rout about one thing or another not quite to his mind. He took the share of those who were disabled himself to them on the No. 2 hatch. There were three dollars left over, and these went to the three most damaged coolies, one to each. We turned-to afterwards, and shovelled out on deck heaps of wet rags, all sorts of fragments of things without shape, and that you couldn't give a name to, and let them settle the ownership themselves.

“This certainly is coming as near as can be to keeping the thing quiet for the benefit of all concerned. What's your opinion, you pampered mail-boat swell? The old chief says that this was plainly the only thing that could be done. The skipper remarked to me the other day, 'There are things you find nothing about in books.' I think that he got out of it very well for such a stupid man.”